Indian Hub twinging 

By an amateur. 




T fV» PRINTED, PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY 

E. L. FREEMAN & CO., 
PRICE, ONE DOLLAR. 

Fkovidence, U, I., August 1, 1884. 



INDIAN CLUB 




"For want of EXERCISE, appetite fails; for want of EXER- 
CISE, comfortable bodily warmth is not sustained ; for want of 
EXERCISE, refreshing sleep is 7iot obtained. 1 ' — Maclaren. 



PROVIDENCE : 

E. L. FREEMAN & CO., PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS 

1884. 



Copyright, 1884. by Benjamin Gardiner 

OAS 



" They led me "bound along the winding flood, 
Far in the gloomy bosom of the wood." 



" Ah ! what avail the largest gifts of Heaven, 

^Vhen drooping health and spirits go amiss? 
How tasteless then whatever can be given ! 

Health is the vital principle of bliss, 
And exercise of health. In proof of this, 

Behold the wretch who slugs his life away, 
Soon swallow'd in disease's sad abyss; 

While he whom toil has braced, or manly play, 
Has light as air each limb, each thought as clear as day." 

—Thompson, 



INTRODUCTION. 



EXERCISE. THE LAW OF OUR BEING. , 

Every well informed person is aware that wholesome 
and vigorous exercise is indispensable to the enjoyment 
and preservation of health. This is the physical law of 
onr terrestrial life. Milton assumes that the same law 
prevails in the celestial sphere, when he pictures the young 
immortals engaged in active sports at the gate of Eden, 

" Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat, 
Chief of the angelic guards, awaiting night; 
About him exercised heroic games 
The unarmed youth of Heaven." 

THE CHEAPEST AND MOST CONVENIENT KIND. 

The exercise with the Indian Club, while excelled by 
none in prompt and beneficial results, is at once the least 
expensive and the most convenient of modern recreations. 
These qualities of cheapness and convenience strongly * _ 
commend it to that large class in every community which 
lacks either the means or the leisure to indulge in more 
elaborate and costly diversions. The expense of the 
club-swinger's equipment, including a light and a heavy 
set of clubs, a suitable habit, and an instruction book, 
need not exceed the moderate sum of ten or fifteen dol- 
lars. Thus, as compared with riding, boating or by- 
1* 



6 



INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. 



cycling, the original outlay is trifling, while the subse- 
quent incidental expenses are merely nominal. The use 
of the clubs also comports with the utmost economy of 
time. To improve the circulation of the blood and im- 
part vitality to the system a half hour's exercise with the 
clubs is fully equivalent to two hours brisk walking, or 
three-quarters of an hour in the saddle or on the wheel. 
Again, the clubs are always at hand. The exercise may 
be enjoyed at whatever hour of the day or evening may 
be found most convenient and at whatever place ; at 
home,* in -the hall or veranda of your cottage, or in the 
humming workshop ; in inclement weather as well as 
clear ; alone, or with companions. Where else may the 
toiling student, the sedentary mechanic, and the busy ac- 
countant find an exercise, combining so pleasantly phy- 
sical culture and recuperation with mental relaxation, at 
once so inexpensive, so accessible, and so chary of 
precious time? 

ITS SALUTARY EFFECT. 

Club-swinging promotes appetite and digestion by 
quickening the circulation of the blood, while, by dis- 
pelling nervous excitement, it invites continuous and re- 
freshing sleep. More directly it tends to strengthen the 



* A strong argument in favor of Indian Club swinging is based on its perfect 
adaptation to home exercise, precluding the necessity of daily visits to the rink 
or gymnasium,— often at inconvenient distance; often demanding night atten- 
dance; not unfrequently cramped for space, and deficient in ventilation; if not 
open to more serious objections in respect to the formation of youthful habits 
and associations. Every boy should be provided with light clubs and an in- 
struction book, and encouraged to use them at home. 

" Stay, stay at home, my heart, and rest; 
Home-keeping hearts are happiest, 
For those that wander they know not where, 
Are full of trouble and full of care; 
To Btay at home is best." 



INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. 



r 



wrist and arms ; to expand the chest, producing deeper 
respiration ; to brace the shoulders, and to straighten and 
invigorate the spinal column, thereby inducing the habit 
of erect posture and graceful carriage. 

POSITION. 

The attitude appropriate to this exercise may be termed 
oratorical, such as Webster or Everett might assume,, 
calmly surveying a popular assemblage. The figure 
should be perfectly erect, looking directly forward ; 
shoulders well back, arms at the sides with the elbows 
held in ; palms of the hands turned partially to the 
front ; knees straight, and the toes turned well out ; 
thus presenting the human form as a statue, motionless, 
dignified and placid. 

GRASPING THE CLUB. 

The most easy and natural way of grasping the club 
is also the most correct. The hand should be closed 
firmly close to the ball of the club, the thumb being ex- 
tended along the handle in order to control its movements 
in sweeping the large circles and arcs. In the smaller 
circles and wrist movements, the head of the club must 
be released, the thumb and forefinger only clinging to 
the handle. 

THE SUITABLE WEIGHT. 

In the selection of clubs, due regard should be paid to 
the size and physical condition of the performer. Each 
one should test his ability by swinging clubs of different 
calibre to a horizontal position, either in front or at the 
side, at the height of the shoulders. A club which can 
be placed in this position and held a few seconds without 



8 



INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. 



fatigue is suitable for rudimentary practice. In most 
cases, a club weighing two and a half or three pounds is 
heavy enough for beginners. Invalids should commence 
with even lighter weights. When skill is acquired and 
the arms are rendered hard and strong by habitual exer- 
cise, heavier clubs may be assumed with safety. The 
ponderous clubs sometimes wielded by professional ath- 
letes are not recommended for ordinary use. 

EXACT MOVEMENT. 

Precision of movement is of the utmost importance in 
club-swinging, and should receive careful attention from 
the commencement of the study. A careless and slovenly 
manipulation is alike distasteful to the beholder and use- 
less to the performer. Lay every motion to the line and 
plummet. Let the club be held precisely vertical, pre- 
cisely horizontal or precisely to the angle of forty-live 
degrees. Sweep the circles with perfect poise and delib- 
eration, conceding to each its largest diameter and a uni- 
form and unvarying contour. 

LENGTH OE SWEEP. 

The circles traced with the clubs vary in dimension. 
The largest have a diameter equal to twice the leugth of 
the arm and club. The diameter of the smallest is twice 
the length of the club. The dorsal or back circles being 
traced with the bent arm. have a variable diameter, al- 
ways longer than twice the length of the club, but less 
than twice the length of the arm and dab. Figure 8. 
exhibits the relative size of these three classes of circles. 

STARTING POINTS. 

The various points of departure are taken with refer- 
ence to the foot of the club, of which points the following 



INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. 



9 



five are the principal, viz. : The foot of the club, first as 
it hangs vertically downwards at the side ; second, as it 
is held perpendicularly above the head ; third, as it is 
held on either side at an angle of forty-five degrees above 
the horizontal line of the shoulders ; fourth, as it is held 
vertically upwards in front of the breast ; fifth, as it is 
held horizontally at arm's length in front, at the height 
of the shoulders. These points which are sufficiently 
definite for reference and description are numbered 1. 2, 
3.4. 5. and are plainly illustrated in the first five engraved 
diagrams. Other starting points will be adverted to as 
they occur in the text. 

THE HABIT. 

\Yhen taking exercise, the person should be lightly ap- 
pareled in order to allow absolutely free and unhampered 
motion to the limbs and body. For class drill, a loosely 
fitting habit of soft flannel, as shown in figure 6. is both 
convenient and becoming. The fashion of the uniform 
is not so material, as that it should be light and easy 
fitting, suitable regard being paid also to the strength and 
durability of the fabric. 

x DENOTATION . 

The nomenclature consists in the assignment of specific 
letters to denote the various circles and ares used in club- 
swinging. It greatly facilitates lucid description, fur- 
nishes a simple formula for each swing, obviates the 
necessity of complicated diagrams, and renders self -in- 
struction practicable and comparatively easy in cases 
where the text-book is the only available source of infor- 
mation. The large circles are denoted by the letters 
ABCDEFGHIJ; the small circles by lmnopq 
r s ; the medium circles by w x t z. 



10 



INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. 



PREVALENCE OF THE EXERCISE. 

Iii our own country the Indian club exercise is steadily 
gaining in popular appreciation, while beyond the sea it 
is justly held in high repute and recognized by all classes, 
from prince to peasant, as a valuable agent in restoring 
and preserving health. Poets, familiar with the customs 
and pastimes of the old world, frequently allude to this 
and other manly recreations, pursued even by royal per- 
sonages as an indispensable part of their early physical 
education. Longfellow represents King Olaf as 

" Trained for either camp or court, 
Skilful in each manly sport, 

Young and "beautiful and tall; 
Art of warfare, craft of chaces. 
Swimming, skating, snow-shoe races, 

Excellent alike in all." 



CHAPTER I. 



MANUAL OF SINGLE MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION 1. 

LARGE FRONT, SIDE AND HORIZONTAL CIRCLES: OBLONGS. 
FOLR FRONT CIRCLES. 

A. 

Taking a club in each hand, assume naturally and without 
stiffness or constraint the swinger's attitude as heretofore de- 
scribed and as illustrated in the first engraving. It is well, also, 
in your early practice to toe a line on the floor, making the 
sweeps of the club with reference to that line, either in the same 
plane or in vertical planes parallel to it, or cutting it at right 
angles as the case may be, in order to foster and develop as 
quickly as possible the habit of precision. 

From the first point of departure, which is the foot of the club 
as it hangs at the side, swing the left club to the right, describing, 
with straight arm, a complete circle in front of the person. Make 
this circle several times, repeating the letter by which it is de- 
noted. In like manner swing the right club to the left five or six 
times, describing a similar straight-arm circle in front of the per- 
son, repeating each time either mentally or audibly as you may 
prefer, the significant letter A ' tne object in every case being 
to associate together the circle and the letter which designates it. 
The two cireles now described, although swept in opposite direc- 
tions, are properly denoted by the same letter as both are swept 
inwardly across the person of the swinger. The circle A as 
traced by the left and right club is shown by dotted lines and 
arrows in the first engraving. Xow, sweep the circle with both 



12 



FRONT CIRCLES. 



elubs, each in turn tracing the outer curve, both clubs starting 
at the same moment. Also sweep the circle, starting the left 
club half a revolution in advance of the right. 




From the same point swing the left club to the left, describing 
five or six times in succession a full-sized straight-arm front cir- 
cle, associating with this movement the letter B. Also swing 
the right club to the right, describing several times a similar 
circle and repeating its significant letter. Both these circles 
being swept outwardly from the person of the performer, in the 
vertical plane of the floor line, are properly denoted by the same 
let ter. (See first engraving.) Describe this circle also with both 
clubs, each in turn tracing the outer curve, both clubs leaving 



FROXT CIRCLES, 



13 



the goal at the same moment. Describe it also, starting one club 
half a revolution in advance of the other. 

c. 

Now reverse the position of the clubs by swinging them up, 
on the arc of the circle B t0 tne second point of departure, 
where they are held perpendicularly at arm's length above the 




Fig. 2. 

head. From this point move the left club to the right making, 
five times, a full-orbed front circle, associating with this move- 
ment the letter C. Make a similar circle five times by moving 
the right club to the left, repeating the same significant letter. 
2 



14 



FRONT CIRCLES 



These circles again are swept in opposite directions, but, never- 
theless, are properly denoted by the same letter, inasmuch as 
both of them are described by sweeping the club inwardly across 
the person of the swinger. The two circles denoted by Q are 
shown in the second engraving. Describe this circle also with 
both clubs moving simultaneously, that is. starting at the same 
instant, then alternately, that is. one starting ahead of the other. 

D. 

From the same point 2, pass the left club to the left, describ- 
ing a complete straight-arm circle in front of the person, repeat- 
ing the movement several times and designating it by the letter 
Y). Describe similar circles by passing the right club to the 
right, associating the letter with the movement. These two 
classes of circles both move outwardly from the person, and ter- 




15 

ininate at the point 
of departure 2. 
They are shown in 
the second engrav- 
ing. Return the 
clubs on the D 
arcs to the first po- 
sition, which is a 
position of rest as 
well as a point of 
departure. (Other 
positions of rest are 
shown in the fourth, 
sixth and seventh 
engravings.) De- 
scribe D with both 
clubs, moving, first 
simultaneously,then 
alternately. 




Fig. 5. 




16 



SIDE CIRCLES. 



FOUR SIDE CIRCLES. 

E. 

From the first point of departure swing the left club directly 
forward, describing, on the left side of the body, several per- 
fect straight-arm circles, cutting the plane of the front circles 
at right angles. Describe similar circles with the right club, 
moving directly forward on the right side of the body, also cut- 




Fig. 6. Fig. 7. 



ting the plane of the front circles at right angles. As the club 
completes the first half of its course and enters the descending 
arc behind the shoulder, assist the movement by slightly swaying 
the body to the right or left, as the case may require. These 
circles are represented by the dotted lines and arrows in the 
ninth engraving. Describe with both clubs, allowing one of 
them to start half a revolution in advance of the other. 



SIDE CIRCLES. 



17 



F. 

From point 1, swing the left club directly backward, describ- 
ing a large side circle, assisting the movement by swaying the 
body slightly to the left. Repeat, naming with each revolution 
the distinctive letter p t Describe similar circles with the right 




Fig. 8. 



club, moving directly backward on the right side of the body 
which sways to the right as the club ascends the. arc. Endeavor 
to keep the club, throughout the entire circuit, in the true plane 
which crosses the floor line at right angles. (Eng. 9.) Describe 
with both clubs, one following the other at half a circuit's 
interval. 

G. 

Swing the clubs up the arc E to the second point of departure, 
holding them perpendicularly at arms length above the head. 
2* 



18 



SIDE CIRCLES. 



From this point move the left club directly forward, describing- 
several times a large straight-arm circle on the left side. De- 
scribe a similar circle with the right club, giving the distinctive 
name of the circle, G. 



2 




Fig. 9. 

H. 

From the same point 2, drop the left club backward describ- 
ing H. The same with the right club. Practice the circles Q 
and J-J with both clubs, one moving half a circumference in 
advance of the other, also both moving at the same moment in 
opposite directions, the left describing G and the right J-J < or 
vice versa. Try the same exercise from point 1, the left club 
describing £ ? and the right p or vice versa. Favor the move- 



SIDE CIRCLES. 



merits by swaying the person slightly to the right and left as each 
club passes to the rear. In these circles the clubs pass each other 
both at point 1 and 2. (Eng. 9.) 

In this exercise it is allowable to change the position of the 
feet, by placing one twelve or fourteen inches in advance of the- 
other, thus securing a brace, which is sometimes required when 
exercising with heavy clubs. (Eng. 10.) 




Fig. io. 



TWO HORIZONTAL CIRCLES. 
I. 

Swing the clubs up on the arc E to a horizontal position,, 
holding them straight out in front, at the height of the shoulders. 
This is the fifth point of departure, denoted by the numeral 5. 



20 



HORIZONTAL CIRCLES. 



From this point swing the left club to the right, describing large 
circles in a horizontal plane directly over the head, associating 
with these circles the letter J # Describe similar circles by swing- 
ing the right club to the left in the same horizontal plane above 
the head. The tendency of the club to sink below the true hor- 
izontal plane at certain points of the circuit will be eventually 
overcome. (Eng. 5.) Describe with both clubs, each in turn 
tracing the upper curve. 

j. 

From the same point 5, swing the left club to the left and the 
right club to the right, describing large circles in the same hori- 
zontal plane above the head. These circles are denoted by J 
and illustrated in the fifth engraving. The overhead horizontal 
circles have a diameter somewhat shorter than that of the front 
and side circles previously described, as the arm necessarily con- 
tracts a little as the club sweeps around back of the head^ (Eng. 
5.) Trace with both clubs. 

TWO ELLIPTICAL CURVES. 

It is proper to advert here to two elliptical movements which 
are described from the fourth point of departure, the clubs being 
held vertically in front of the breast, as shown in the fourth en- 
graving. These curves bear a strong resemblance to the straight- 
arm circles Q and but should be carefully distinguished 
from them. As the movement commences with the bent arm, 
the vertical diameter is shortened, producing an oblong figure 
instead of a perfect circle. From point 4, sweep the left club 
inwardly to the right just as in the circle C returning to 
the point of departure. Make the same movement with the 
right club moving to the left. Repeat the oblong several times 
with each club; then with both clubs moving alternately, the 
right starting on its circuit as the left returns, and the left start- 
ing again as the right returns. As each club comes in to its goal, 
bring it to a position just back of its mate with a quick arrest. 
(Eng. 4.) 

To describe the second elliptical curve sweep the left club out- 
wardly to the left just as in the circle D returning to the point 



OTERTIA — BACK CIRCLES. 



21 



of departure. Make the same movement with the right club, 
moving outwardly to the right ; then, for an exercise, with both 
clubs moving alternately, the right starting out as the left returns, 
and the left moving out again as the right returns, both clubs 
moving in the same vertical plane. (Eng. 4.) 



SECTION 2. ' 

DORSAL OR BACK CIRCLES. 

The dorsal circles are medium in size, and are designated by 
the letters W, X, Y, Z. The first two of these back circles are 
described from the first point of departure. In describing cir- 
cles from this point, it is allowable, in starting, to swing the club 
gently in the direction opposite to the movement contemplated > 
in order to gain momentum to carry it up the ascending arc. 
In every circle there is a point of inertia to be overcome by im- 
parting at the precise moment an additional impulse to the club. 
In circles made from the first point, this impulse is required at 
the start. In those emanating from the second, third and fourth, 
points, it is not needed at starting, because the club immediately 
enters a descending arc, where its own weight affords sufficient 
momentum. In these cases the point of inertia being reached 
after the completion of the first semi-circle, the impulse must be 
imparted at that moment. 

TWO LOWER DORSAL CIRCLES. 

W. 

Assume the appropriate attitude. From the first point of de- 
parture, throw out the left club to the left for a start ; then carry 
it to the right, behind the person, causing it to describe a bent-arm 
circle in the rear. The club may be turned either by a flexible 
wrist movement, or by relaxing the grasp so as to allow the knob 
to turn in the hand, holding on principally by the muscles of the 
palm. The mode is immaterial so long as you succeed in mak- 
ing a smooth and even circuit. Describe the same circle with 
the right club moving first to the right for a start, then to the 



22 



BACK CIRCLES. 



left, passing behind the person. Associate with these circles the 
significant letter W. (Eng. 11.) Turn this circle with both 
clubs, moving simultaneously. 




Fig. II. 



X. 

The second lower dorsal circle denoted by X, more than any 
other, imperatively needs the aid of acquired velocity in order 
to ensure its smooth and graceful execution. For this reason it 
is usually made to follow a descending sweep of the club. From 
point 1 first impel the left club to the right for a start. As it re- 
turns, carry the hand quickly behind the hip, bending the arm 
and wrist so as to bring the head of the club nearly to the arm- 
pit as the hand passes behind. The acquired momentum, to- 



BACK CIRCLES. 



23 



gether with the sudden deflection of the arm from its previous 
course, causes the foot of the club to make a detour in the re- 
verse direction to the preceding movement, amounting to a rear 
circle, to be associated with and designated by the letter X % 

Describe the same circle 
with the right club mov- 
ing first to the left for 
the sake of impetus. 
By practicing this cir- 
cle in connection with, 
and following the front 
circle ]3, vou will per- 
ceive at once how great- 
ly accumulated momen- 
tum assists in turning it. 
The lower rear circles, 
alone, and disconnected 
from other motions are 
not repeated so readily 
as the upper; but alter- 
nating with other mo- 
tions, as, for instance, 
Fig. 12. the front circles A or 

B ? or the front circlets p or q, the repeating movement soon 
becomes equally easy and natural, as will be made clearly appar- 
ent bye-and-bye. (Eng. 12.) Try with both clubs, in connection 
with the front circle B. 




TWO UPPER DORSAL CIRCLES. 

Y. 

Swing the clubs up on the arc E to the second point, holding 
them perpendicularly at arm's length above the head. From 
this point carry the left club to .the right behind the shoulders, 
causing it to describe a medium bent arm circle. Describe the 
same with the right club moving inwardly to the left. In this 
circle the point of inertia is reached just as the club enters the 
ascending arc of its circuit, and at this point an additional im- 
pulse must be imparted from the hand. Strive to carry the club 



24 



BACK CIRCLES. 



around evenly, adhering 
to the true plane of the 
circle, and allowing it 
as long a diameter as 
the bent arm will per- 
mit. For an exercise 
try this circle with both 
clubs moving alternate- 
ly ; also with both 
moving simultaneously. 
Associate with this 
movement the letter Y. 
(Eng. 13.) 





X \ 



Fig. 13. 



/ 



/ From the same point 
/ 2, drop the left club 
'** outward to the left, 

describing behind the 
shoulders, the second 
upper dorsal circle de- 
noted by Z. As the 
club approaches the 
point of inertia, impart 
at the opportune mo- 
ment sufficient impetus 
from the hand to carry 
Fig. 14. it smoothly up the as- 

cending arc. Associate the letter with the movement. Describe 
the same circle with the right club moving outwardly to the 



BACK CIRCLES. 



25 




right. For an exercise, try 
both clubs, moving alter- 
\V nately. (Eng. 14.) Also both 
y clubs moving simultaneous- 
\ ly ; and then both moving 
I simultaneously in parallel 
j circles, one describing the 
/ circle Y, and the other Z. 
(Eng. 15.) iZ may be turned 
also from the first point of 
departure, by turning the 
arm back and forcing the 
club up the ascending arc. 



Fig- 15. 



SECTION 3. 



EIGHT CIRCLETS OR WRIST CIRCLES. 

These small circles, having for the most part a diameter only 
twice the length of the club, are numerous and are described in 
almost every plane, sometimes with straight, sometimes with bent 
arm, and at such height, angle or position as the swings to which 
they are attached may require. They are worthy of attention, 
because they serve to relieve the longer sweeps and diversify the 
movements, imparting to them the charm of variety, which is a 
desirable requisite both in mental and physical recreation. In 
fact, 

" Variety's the very spice of life, 
That gives it all its flavour." 

The circlets which occur most frequently are the following : 

L 

Swing the clubs up to a vertical position in front of the breast, 
which is the fourth point of departure, Press the left elbow 
a 



26 



WRIST CIRCLES. 



against the side, at the same time turning the wrist so as to throw 
the thumb outwards. Drop the club directly forward, at the 
same moment relaxing the grasp so as to allow it to turn freely 
in the cavity between the thumb and forefinger, thus whirling 
out, on the outside of the arm, a circlet, of which the wrist is 
the centre of motion and the club the radius. The impelling^ 
force is applied as the club enters the last half of its circuit. 
Associate with this circlet the distinctive letter 1. Whirl the 
same repeatedly •with the right club. (Eng. 16.) Also, .with 
both clubs: first, starting together; secondly, one starting half a 
revolution ahead of the other. 




Fig. 16. Fig. 17. 



m. 

From the same point, reverse the preceding movement, drop- 
ping the left club directly backward, on the outside of the arm, 
whirling a circlet precisely like the first except being swept in 
the opposite direction. The denoting letter is m. Repeat with 
the right club. (Eng. 17.) Also, with both clubs: first, moving 
together; secondly, one moving half a circle in advance of the 
Dtber. 



WRIST CIRCLES. 



27 



n. 

Straighten the elbows, holding the clubs vertically at arm's 
length, either in front or veering to either side. ■ Send the left 
club forward, bringing it up this time on the inside of the arm. 
Denominate this circlet n, repeating the movement with the right 
-club as usual. (Eng. 18.) Repeat also with both clubs. 

o. 

Reverse the preceding movement, sending the left club, from 
its vertical position, directly backward on the inside of the arm, 
producing the circlet o. Practice the same with the right club; 
(Eng. 18.) and simultaneously, with both clubs. 




Fig. 1 8. Fig. 19. 

P. 



Draw the arms back from the foregoing position, pressing the 
left forearm snugly to the body (the right club for the moment 
depending at the side). Starting the left club backward towards 



28 



WRIST CIRCLES. 



the elbow, relaxing the grasp and twisting the wrist so as to bring 
the thumb outward, whirl a circlet on the* outside of the arm. 
"Whirl the same with the right club (the left, for the moment, be- 
ing dropped at the side,) the right forearm being pressed snugly 
to the body as the club drops backward towards the elbow. (Eng. 
19.) As before remarked, these circlets are whirled from differ- 
ent positions, this one more frequently from the first point of 
departure. Practice p from the first point, the clubs moving in 
the plane of the great circles A an( * B. (Eng. 20.) 



q. 

Resume the position in front of the breast. Pressing the left 
forearm snugly to the body (the right club being dropped at the 




Fig. 20. Fig. 2i. 



side,) whirl a circlet, starting the left club forward in the reverse 
direction to the preceding movement, bringing it up on the out- 
side of the arm. Repeat with the right club. (Eng. 19.) Prac- 
tice q also from the first point. (Eng. 20.) 

r. 

Bring the clubs to point 5, holding them horizontally at arm's 
length in front, at the height of the shoulders. Whirl a circlet 



FRO^NT ARCS. 



29 



by revolving the left club inwardly to the right, by flexure of 
the wrist, the entire revolution being in front of the body and in 
a perfectly horizontal plane above the arm. Repeat with the 
right club revolving to the left. (Eng. 21.) 

s. 

From the same point, whirl a circlet with the left club revolv- 
ing outwardly to the left in the same horizontal plane over the 
arm; also with the right club revolving to the right. (Eng. 21.) 

The beginner is not expected to make all these circlets with 
perfect ease and smoothness at first. Expertness of movement 
is the result of persistent effort. The raw mechanic handles the 
implements of his trade clumsily enough at first; by and by, he 
uses them as deftly as his fingers. The skilful feats of the expe- 
rienced club-swinger excite wonder. Half an hour's daily prac- 
tice will enable you, in a year or so, to exhibit the same feats. 
The true object of club-swinging, however, is healthful exercise 
rather than athletic display. 

In this book precedence is uniformly given to the left arm, 
w^hich in most persons is weaker than the right in consequence 
of neglect and disuse. By giving it the laboring oar, it soon at- 
tains almost equal vigor and dexterity; striving nobly with the 
right to secure for its master, the " inestimable wealth of health, 
till he becomes, at length, erect, broad-chested, muscular, vig- 
orous, healthy, happy, buoyant, victorious." 



SECTION 4. 

ARCS OF CIRCLES. 

Arcs, or portions of the circumference of circles frequently 
enter into the composition of swings. They are usually desig- 
nated by the letters denoting the circles of which they form a 
part. When it is unnecessary to indicate the direction of the 
sweep, they maybe referred to simply as front arcs, side arcs, etc. 

FRONT ARCS. 

Swing both clubs up to point 3 on the left side, holding them 
parallel at an angle of forty-five degrees above the horizontal 

3* 



SIDE ARCS. 




Fig. 22. 



line of the shoulders. From this point 
swing them to and fro on the front arc, 
carrying them well up on each side so as 
to include nearly three-fourths of the en- 
tire front circle. Hold the clubs exactly 
parallel, both as they leave the point of 
departure and as they approach the cor- 
responding point on the opposite side. 
(Eng. 22.) 

SIDE ARCS. 

Swing the left club up on the arc E 
allowing it to pass over the left shoulder, 
hanging vertically downwards. Return 
on the same arc, allowing the club to 
swing beyond the starting point 1, as far 
as the arm will permit, Repeat with the 
right club, then with both. (Eng. 7.) 

For an exercise start the clubs from 
opposite points, the left from the first goal 



HORIZONTAL ARCS. 



31 



and the right from the position behind the shoulders. As the left 
swings forward and ascends the arc E the right comes over the 
shoulder and descends the same arc. As the left descends on 
the return sweep, the right ascends and resumes its position be- 
hind the shoulder, which is an occasional point of departure, 
denoted by the numeral 7. (Eng. 7.) 

HORIZONTAL ARCS % 

Extend the left club horizontally at arm's length, on the left 
side, at the height of the shoulders; also the right club on the 
right side, at the same height. From these points swing them 




Fig. 23. 



simultaneously back and forth on a horizontal arc, turning the 
body at the waist as far as possible without changing the posi- 
tion of the feet. (Eng. 23.) The above starting points are de- 
noted by 6. 

DORSAL ARCS. 

From point 1, swing the left club gently to the right for a 
start, then to the left, passing it behind the left shoulder, and 
over the right shoulder and the head, returning by the arc in 
front. Repeat with the right club, moving first to the left for a 



32 



REAR ARCS. 



start, then to the right, passing behind the right shoulder and 
over the left shoulder and the head, returning by the arc in front. 
Also, for an exercise, extend both clubs horizontally at arm's 
length on the left side, holding them parallel at the height of the 
shoulders. From this point swing them around behind the 
shoulders on a horizontal arc, returning by the arc in front. 
Also start the clubs from the corresponding point on the right 
side, traversing the horizontal arc behind the shoulders, and re- 
turning by the arc in front. (Eng. 24.) 



2 




Fig. 24. 



Secondly. Swing both clubs up to a horizontal position on 
the left side, holding them parallel at the height of the shoulders 
as before. Turn the left club back over the left shoulder, allow- 
ing it to traverse the dorsal arc and pass over the head, while at 
the same moment the right club traverses the arc in front; as the 
clubs reach a corresponding position on the right side, turn the 
right club back over the right shoulder to traverse the dorsal arc, 
while the left, dropping in front of the face sweeps the arc in 
front, and so on continuously. 

Thirdly. Raising the clubs to the same position on the left 



RECIPE. 



33 



side, parallel, at the height of the shoulders, turn the right club 
back, on the dorsal arc behind the right shoulder, and at the 
same moment, with the left club sweep the arc in front, bringing 
both clubs to a corresponding position on the right side; then 
turn the left club back on the arc behind the left shoulder while 
the right club sweeps the arc in front, and so on continuously. 

Fourthly. Swing the left club back and forth on the dorsal 
arc and at- the same time the right club back and forth on the 
front arc, counting the time 1. 2. : then the right club on the 
dorsal arc and the left on the front arc, and so on alternately. 



The chief sources of health and longevity are diet, air, exer- 
cise and tranquillity. These conditions are pithily expressed in 
the following aphorism: 

" Th' ingredients of health and long life are 
Great temperance, open air, 
Indian Clubs, little care." 



CHAPTER II. 



SWINGS COMPOSED OF TWO MOVEMENTS. 
DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE OF SWINGS. 

Ordinarily, in exercising with the Indian Clubs, both hands 
are eniplo} r ed and participate equally in the movements. This 
circumstance imparts to each swing a two-fold or divisional 
character, the movements made with the left club constituting 
one division and similar movements with the right club, the 
other. These divisions are commonly united in two ways, ex- 
pressed in the formulas by the initial letters (F) and (S). The 
first mode of union, denoted by (F) occurs when the left club 
executes the first movement of the swing while the right executes 
the second. The second mode of union occurs, when both clubs 
execute simultaneously each movement of the swing in suc- 
cession. 

Frequently the clubs are required to move in concert, describ- 
ing parallel circles or arcs on one side of the person. Sometimes 
also, instead of moving strictly in concert, one club follows the 
other at an interval of half a circle. In these cases each division 
of the swing comprises the actions of both clubs and the union 
consists in repeating the same movements an equal number of 
times on the other side. This third method of uniting the divis- 
ions of which a swing is composed is expressed in the formulas 
by (T). 

It is well to remember the divisional structure of swings, and 
in the first and second forms, to practice each division separately 
before uniting them to complete the swing. Even in the third 
form, clearer insight and greater facility of execution will be 
attained by resolving the swing into its elements and requiring 
each hand to do its work apart from the other. 



FORWARD TAVIST 1 AND SIDE CIRCLE Q # 35 



The formula placed over the description of each swing indi- 
cates the movements composing it ; the order in which they are 
executed ; the manner in which the divisions are united ; and the 
points from which the start is taken. 



SECTION 1. 

SWINGS COMPOSED OF TWO CIRCLES, 
1. 

1 G. (F.) 2. 

The formula indicates that this swing is composed of the for- 
ward circlet 1, followed by the forward side circle Q - that the 
two parts of the swing are united by the first method; and that 
the movements emanate from the second point of departure. 



2 




Fig. 25. 



36 FORWARD TWIST 1 AND SIDE CIRCLE Q t 



Eefer back to the manual of single movements, if necessary, in 
order to refresh your memory in relation to these circles. This 
being done, swing both clubs up by the arc E to the second 
point of departure. (These points are often called goals.) From 
this point, whirl the circlet with the left club, and immediately 
after, without any pause in the movement, the large forward side 
circle. These two movements constitute the left division of the 
swing. The same movements made with the right club form the 
right division. Practice with each club until the transition from 
the small circle to the large and from the large to the small be- 
comes easy and natural. Now complete the swing by uniting 
the two component parts according to the first method, as fol- 
lows: Both clubs starting at the same momemt, each from its 
own goal, the left club whirls the circlet, while the right sweeps 
the large circle; then the left sweeps the large circle while the 
right whirls the circlet. Favor the long sweeps by swaying the 
body from side to side as the swing proceeds. (Eng. 25.) 

The element of correct time is indispensable in club-swinging 
and should receive careful attention from the beginning of your 
practice. Each movement of the club should be measured and 
regular as the swinging of a pendulum. Be careful also to as- 
sume and adhere to the correct working attitude, keeping the 
body perfectly erect, knees straight, and toes turned out, as ex- 
plained in the introduction. 

The above swing is often varied by increasing the number of 
circlets. For example, add two more circlets to each division. 
Then the left club will turn three l's while the right club turns 
two l's and Q j and when the left turns two l's and the right 
turns three l's. Practice this variation occasionally for a change. 
Formula for the left club 111 ) 

" " right " 1 1 G)(F) 2. 

2. 

P A. (F.) 1. 

This formula indicates that the swing is composed of a small 
and a large circle; also that the small circle precedes the large; 
that the two parts of the swing are joined by the first method, 
and that the goal or starting point is the foot of the club as it 
hangs by the side. 



FROXT TWIST p AND FRONT CIRCLE A. 



37 



Starting the foot of the left club to the right from goal 1, 
whirl the circlet p, sweeping, instantly after, the large straight- 
arm front circle A. (For a particular description of these cir- 
cles refer to the manual.) These two movements form the left 
division of the swing, the same movements made with the right 
club, from the right goal, forming the right division. Practice 
each division separately and then unite them by the first method, 




Fig. 26. 



thus, Both clubs moving at the same moment, while the left 
turns the circlet p, the right sweeps the great circle A " an d 
when the left sweeps A, tne right reverts to p. (Eng. 26.) 

3. 

p A. (S.) 1. 

This swing consists of the same circles swept from the same 
points, and in the same order. The divisions are the same, but 
they are joined together by the second method, which produces 
4 



38 FRONT TWIST q AND FRONT CIRCLE 



from the same elements quite a different swing. Starting both 
clubs from point 1 at the same moment, whirl both circlets sim- 
ultaneously and then both large circles. As the clubs pass in 
front, assign the outside circuit to each in turn. (Eng. 20.) 

4. 

q B. (F.) 1. 

The circles of this formula are described in the same plane as 
those of the two formulas immediately preceding, but the sweeps 
of the club are reversed. The left club moving to the left from 
the first goal, whirls the circlet q, followed promptly by the 
straight-arm circle B. These two movements form the first 
half of the swing, the second half being composed of the same 
movements made by the right club moving to the right. After 
practicing separately, unite the two parts by the first method, 
the left club turning q as the right makes the large circle B ; 
then, as the left sweeps the B, the right revjerts to q. The circ- 
let is turned by an impulsive wrist movement, the knob of the 
club being grasped by the thumb and fingers. (Eng. 26.) 

5. 

q B. (S.) 1. 

In this swing the divisions are the same as in No. 4, but the 
union is effected by the second method, which requires both 
clubs to whirl simultaneously the circlet q, and then to follow 
with the large circle, each club in turn taking the outer circuit. 

(Eng. 26.) 

6. 

p d. m 3. 

In this light and airy swing, the circlet p is whirled at arm's 
length at the side, on the inside of the arm, the club being held 
by the thumb and fingers. When whirled from this point p co- 
incides with n. Throw the left club up to goal 3, holding it at 
arm's length at an angle of forty-five degrees above the horizon- 
tal line of the shoulders. Whirl the circlet, the club passing 
at once, at this identical point, into the circumference of the 



TWIST p AT 45° AND FRONT CIRCLE £). 39 



straight-arm circle D the two movements forming the first 
division of the swing. Throw the right club up to the third 
goal on the right side, whirling the circlet and sweeping the cir- 
cle from this point, these movements forming the second divis- 
ion. After drilling on each division separately, unite the two 




Fig. 3- 



parts by the first method, the left club whirling the small circle 
while the right sweeps the large and vice versa. Discontinue or 
prolong the movement at pleasure. (Eng. 3.) When a swing is 
undertaken for the purpose of learning it, it is well to adhere to 
the exercise with somewhat greater pertinacity than will be re- 
quired after the movement has been thoroughly mastered and 
long familiarity has rendered it easy and natural. 



40 BACK CIRCLE Y AXD FRONT CIRCLE C. 



7. 

P D. (S.) 8. 

Swing both clubs up to goal 3, each on its own side of the 
person, holding them at arm's length at the angle before men- 
tioned. From these points whirl simultaneously with both 
clubs the circlet p, from which the clubs pass, without pausing, 
into the large front circle D. each ^ n tum taking the outside 
circuit, as long as the swing continues. (Eng. 3.) 

8. 

Y C. (F.) 2. 

Swing the clubs up to goal 2, either by the arc £ or B. 
Drop the left club inwardly to the right, tracing a bent-arm cir- 



2 2 




Fig. 27. 



BACK CIRCLE Y AND FRONT CIRCLE Q. 41 



cle behind the head and shoulders, which is the first upper dor- 
sal circle described m the manual. On the completion of this 
circle, the club makes no pause, but continues right on into the 
straight-arm front circle Q completing the sweep. These move- 
ments constitute the left half of the swing, the same movements 
executed by the right club constituting the second or right half. 
Practice separately, and then unite by (F). Both clubs moving 
simultaneously, the left traces the back curve while the right 
traces the front; and conversely the left traces the front, while 
the right traces the back. Make full, free circuits behind as well 
as in front, sinking the clubs well down as they pass the shoul- 
ders, thus granting to the dorsal curve as long diameter as the 
bent arm will permit, (Eng. 27.) 




35- 

9. 

Y C. (8.) 2. 

From the same goal or starting point, unite the two divisions 

according to the second method, the result being a swing wholly 
4* 



42 BACK CIRCLE Z ANTD FROKT CIRCLE £) # 

different in appearance, and bringing into action a different set 
of muscles. The clubs starting at the same instant cross first 
behind the head as they turn the double dorsal and again in front 
as they sweep into the straight-arm circles. It adds to the sym- 
metry of the swing if each club is made to assume the outer cir- 
cuit in turn, both in the back and front sweeps, but if found too 
difficult at this stage of your career, this point may be waived 
till a subsequent period of the course. (Engs. 27 and 35.) 

10. 

Z D. (F.) 2. 

The point of departure is again at 2. Drop the left club out- 
wardly to the left, tracing the second upper dorsal circle described 
in the manual. Depress the club as it passes behind the shoul- 
ders, sweeping it directly onward into the outer front circle J) 
the dorsal and the front circle together forming the first division 
of the swing. Connect by the first method, which requires the 
left club to sweep the dorsal circle while the right sweeps the 
front circle ; the left club passing into the front circle as the right 
reverts to the dorsal. Practice well each division before attempt- 
ing to unite them. Make full, free circuits both front and rear, 
with smooth continuous movement, the less circle gliding into 
the greater at the convenient point where the contours unavoid- 
ably approach and blend. (Eng. 27.) 

11. 

Z D. (S.) 2. (Engs. 27 and 36.) 

The union of the two divisions by the second method produces 
a swing essentially different, both in muscular action and in vis- 
ual effect. From goal 2 turn the dorsal circle with both clubs,, 
followed promptly by the front circles. As the clubs sweep past 
each other above the head, in front, carry them well out to the 
right and left in order to afford ample scope and plenty of sea- 
room, in which to repeat the double dorsal. (Eng. 36.) 

This swing expands the chest and braces back the shoulders 
finely. It also invites repose. 



BACK CIRCLE Z AND FRONT CILCLE D. 43> 



2 2 




Fig. 36. 

The potency of the exercise with the Indian clubs in inducing 
sleep, is beautifully symbolized in the legend of Kwasind, the 
strong man, by Longfellow. 

" To his ear there came a murmur 
As of waves upon a sea-shore, 
As of far-off tumbling waters, 
As of winds among the pine-trees; 
And he felt upon his forehead 
Blows of little airy war-clubs, 
"Wielded by the slumbrous legions 
Of the Spirit of Sleep, Xepahwin; 
As of some one breathing on him. 

At the first blow of their war-clubs, 
Fell a drowsiness on Kwasind; 
At the second blow they smote him, 
Motionless his paddle rested ; 
At the third, before his vision 
Reeled the landscape into darkness, 
Very sound asleep was Kwasind." 



44 BACK CIRCLE Y AND FROST CIRCLE Q, 



12. 

Y G. CP) 2. 

From goal 2 describe the inner dorsal Y with the left club, 
which passes at once into the large circle Q < the two movements 
making the first division of the swing: the same movements 




Fig. 28. 



made with the right club form the second division. Connect 
them by (F.) In this swing, the union of the two divisions by 
(S) should not be attempted, as it subjects the shoulder joints to 
too severe a test. (Eng. 28. 1 

13. 

r I. (P.) o. 

Raise the clubs to goal o, holding them horizontally in front, 
at the height of the shoulders, at arm's length. Cause the left 



HORIZONTAL TWIST r AND CIRCLE I. 



45 



club, moving to the right, to revolve above the left arm, in a 
perfectly horizontal plane, describing the circlet r, which has for 
a radius the length of the club only, the entire circlet being 
swept in front of the person; then immediately after, sweep the 
club inwardly to the right again, describing the large circle I in 
the horizontal plane over the head, half the circuit lying in front 
of the head and half behind it. After practicing the divisions 




Fig. 29. 



separately, unite them by (F), the left club revolving on the wrist 
as on a pivot, while the right sweeps the entire circuit, front and 
back, over the head. As the left movement expands into the 
large circle, the right contracts into the small. Confine the clubs 
strictly to the horizontal plane, a task requiring, at first, special 
effort on the part of the performer. (Eng. 29.) 

14. 

r I. (S.) 5. 

Unite the two divisions by the second method, by causing both 
clubs, first, to revolve on the wrist as on a pivot describing r, 
and secondly, to sweep the large circle J at arm's length over 
the head. (Eng. 29.) 



46 



HORIZONTAL TAVIST S AND CIRCLE J. 



15. 

s J. (F.) 5. 

From the same goal, cause the left club to revolve to the left, 
first, in the small and then in the large circumference ; also the 
right club to revolve to the right, first, in the small and then in 
the large circuit; unite the divisions by (F). (Eng. 29). 

16. 

s J. (S.) 5. 

Work both clubs simultaneously, turning both outwardly, 
first, on the circlet and then on the circle, repeating at pleasure. 
(Eng. 29.) 

The diameter of the overhead horizontals is of necessity some- 
what shorter than that of the other large circles, in consequence 
of the unavoidable bending of the arm as the club passes behind 
the head. 




Fig. 30. 



FRONT CIRCLE A A ^ D BACK CIRCLE W. 47 



17. 

A W. (F.) 1. 

The left club moving to the right sweeps, from the first goal, 
the large straight-arm circle A m front, after which it passes, 
almost without change of direction, back of the person, where 
it describes the first lower dorsal circle W, the two movements 
forming the first half of the swing. The same movements re- 
peated with the right club form the second half. Make the con- 
nection by (F), the left club sweeping in front, while the right 
turns at the back, and vice versa. In turning the lower dorsal 
relax the grasp, retaining hold on the button of the club chiefly 
by the muscular contraction of the palm of the hand. The 
working of the head of the club in the hand is somewhat after 
the manner of a ball and socket joint. (Eng. 30.) 

18. 

A w. (S.) l. 

Unite the divisions by (S), both clubs moving on A, an d then 
both on W. The swing is rendered more symmetrical if each 
club in turn is made to take the outer circuit, both front and 
rear, but this point is not pressed at present. The art of turning 
the rear circles simultaneously without contact of the clubs is 
soon acquired. (Eng. 30.) 

19. 

B X. (F.) 1. 

The left club, moving outwardly to the left describes the front 
circle B, followed immediately by the second lower dorsal circle, 
denoted by X, and detailed at length in the manual. The force 
accumulated from the downward sweep of the large circle and 
the sudden change of direction suffice to cause the foot of the 
club to take a circular route behind the hip. Unite the divisions 
by (F). As the right club has no accumulated force to start with, 
it may be held in abeyance during the first movement by the left, 
or, the dorsal movement may be simply feinted. Momentum 
being an indispensable element in this dorsal circle, it should 
always be made to follow a descending sweep. (Eng. 30.) 



48 EROXT CIRCLE g AXD BACK CIRCLE W. 



20. 

B x. (S.) 1. 

Both clubs simultaneously sweep, first, the front circle g_ and, 
secondly, the back circle X, repeating continuously. (Eng. 30.) 

21. 

B wr(P.) i. 

The left club moving to the left describes the large circle B. 
As the club goes past the person in front, let it swing beyond 
the goal to a horizontal point at the height of the shoulders, 




6 



from which point it takes the opposite direction, describing the 
dorsal W. in the rear. These movements are the first division, 
the second being the same movements performed with the right 
club. Unite by (F). (Eng. 31). 



FROXT CIRCLE A A ^ D BACK CIRCLE X. 49 



22. 

B w. (S.) 1. 

Describe the front circle with both clubs. As they go past the 
person in front, allow them to swing beyond the goals till they 
reach a horizontal position on opposite sides, thus affording an 
opportunity for the free and graceful performance of the double 
dorsal W. (Eng. 31.) 

28. 

A X. (F.) 1. 

With the left club moving to the right, describe the large front 
circle A. As tne cm b descends, let it swing well past the goal 
in front of the person, preparatory to executing the lower dorsal 
X : then execute the dorsal as previously directed. These 
movements form the left division of the swing, the right divis- 
ion being formed of the same movements made with the right 
club. After separate practice unite the divisions by the first 
method. (Eng. 31.) 

24. 

A x. (s.) i. 

Unite the two divisions by the second method. First describe 
with both clubs the double front circle A, allowing the clubs to 
go well past the goals in front preparatory to turning the double 
dorsal. Then turn the double dorsal. Eepeat several times. 
(Eng. 31.) 

25. 

Y L (F.) 2. 

Swing the clubs up on the arc E or B to tne second point of 
departure, holding them perpendicularly above the head. From 
this point the left club, moving to the right describes the upper 
dorsal Y, and immediately after from the same point the forward 
circlet 1. Make the union by (F). (Eng. 32.) 

5 



50 BACK CIRCLE Y AND FORWARD TWIST 1. 



26. 

Y 1. (S.) 2. 




Unite the divisions 
by (S), executing first 
the double dorsal and 
then the double circ- 
let. (Eng. 32). 



Fig. 32. 



27. 

W Z. (F.) 



1. 



This is an attractive 
formula, but requires 
both care and skill in 
the execution. De- 
scribe the lower dor- 
sal W, impelling the 
left club first gently 
to the left and then to 
the right, turning the 
circle behind the hips. 
After making the turn 
bring the club quickly 
around in front of the 
person, and carry it 
up the front arc A t0 



a point convenient for turning the left dorsal Z, which is then 
turned. The short arc in front, required to connect the lower 
back circle with the upper is not expressed in the formula, as it 
comes in of necessity, it being impossible otherwise to execute 
the swing. These several movements constitute the left section 
of the swing, the right section consisting of similar movements 
made with the right club. Practice each section thoroughly be- 
fore attempting to unite them. The union is by (F). The left 
club turns the W below, while the right turns Z above, and 
when the left ascends the arc to perform the Z, the right de- 
scends to execute the W. In this, as in other swings involving 
the lower dorsal movement, the execution should be slow and 
deliberate. (Eng. 33 ) 



BACK CIRCLES W AKD Z. 



51 



28. 

W Z. (S). 1. 

With both clubs moving simultaneously describe the dorsal 
W: then bringing the clubs in front, carry them up the inner 



2 




Fig. 33- 

arc A, making a generous detour to the right and left so as to 
allow the Z to be turned fairly and squarely in its own proper 
place behind the shoulders. In swings of this kind much of the 
interest attached to them depends upon the style of execution. 
The movements should never be hurried nor cramped, but on 
the contrary quite moderate in point of time, and free and lib- 
eral in point of space. (Engs. 11 and 33.) 

29. 

Under this head are included several swings which are grouped 
together on account of their similarity. They are designed to 



52 



FROHT TWIST p AST) BACK CIRCLE W. 



impart proficiency and skill in turning the lower back circles in 
connection with the circlets. The student should revert to them 
from time to time as he may find leisure and opportunity. some- 




Fig, ii. 



thing more than mere cursoiy and superficial practice being re- 
quired to attain perfect ease and dexterity in turning these 
circles. 

"He who would search for pearls must dive below.' 1 

The formulas are as follows: 

1st. 

p W. (P.) 1. 

With an impulsive motion of the wrist turn the circlet p in 
front, in the plane of the great circle A. with the left club, and 



FORWARD TWIST 1 AND BACK CIRCLE W. 53 



at the same moment the dorsal circle W, in the rear, with the 
right: then, changing duty, the left club turns the dorsal and 
the right the circlet. In turning the circlets, throw the clubs 
well out to the right and left in order to afford a straight sweep 
behind for the W. A finer bent-arm and wrist movement than 
this need not be desired. 

2d. 

P W. (S.) 1 # 

Unite the divisions also by the second method, first turning the 
p with both clubs, and then the W. 

3d. 

q W. (F.) 1. 

Turn the circlet q with the left club moving outwardly to the 
left from the first goal, in the plane of the great circle ~Q • at 
the same time turn the back circle W with the right club, also 
moving to the left. Then describe the dorsal with the left club 
and the circlet with the right. The movement is similar to that 
in No. 21, the small circle q taking the place of the large circle 
J3. Unite the divisions also by the second method, the formula 
being q W. (S.) 1. 

4th. 



Left club 1 W 
Right " 1 q 



(T) 3. 



In this swing the point of departure for both clubs is goal & 
on the left side. From this point both clubs start at the same 
time and make as nearly as possible the same movements; q in 
front corresponding to W in the rear. These movements made 
on the left side with both clubs form the left division of the 
swing, and similar movements made with both clubs from goal 
3 on the right side form the right division. The third method 
of union enunciated at the beginning of this chapter is applied 
in this case. Swing both clubs up to goal 3 on the left side. 
From this point, whirl the circlet 1 with both clubs, after which, 
both traversing the short intervening arc, the left club turns the 
lower dorsal W behind the hips, while the right turns the cor- 



54 BACKWARD TWISTS O & HI & BACK CIRCLE W. 



responding circle q in front. Now swing both clubs up to goal 
3 on the right side, from which point both clubs turn the circlet 
1, descend together the short intervening arc, the right passing 
behind the hips and turning the dorsal while the left turns the 
corresponding circle q in front. Thus the swing proceeds from 
side to side, the clubs moving in concert till the close. The short 
arc is disregarded in the formula, as it intervenes of necessity, 
when the start is made from the third goal. Face to the left and 
right as the clubs change from one side to the other, the body 
turning at the waist. 

5th. 



Left club m W 
Right " m q 



(T) 3. 



This formula differs from the preceding only in the substitu- 
tion of the backward circlet m in place of the forward circlet 1. 
When you turn the circlet m allow the # clubs to drop back over 
the shoulders, hanging vertically downwards; from this position 
they are thrown forwards and turn the other circles precisely as 
in the preceding swing. 



6th. 

(T) 3. 



Left club n 1 W 
Right " n 1 q 

This formula requires two circlets to be turned at the start. 
Turning the wrists to suit the movement, first let both clubs drop 
forward and bring them up on the inside of the arms; then let 
them drop forward again and bring them up on the outside of 
the arms, after which complete the swing as before shown. 

7th. 

Left club o m W 



( (T) 3. 
Right " o m q ) 

Here the two backward circlets are turned at the>tart. r [Stretch- 
ing out the arms, let both clubs drop back on the inside of the 
arms turning the circlet o ; then^back on the outside, turning m, 
at the same time throwing the clubs over the shoulders. The 
remainder of the swing is like the k preceding. (Eng. 34.) 



X FORMULAS. 



55 




Fig. 34- 

Similar formulas may be framed involving the second lower 
dorsal X, as follows: 

1. p X (F) 1. 



9 



q X (F) 1. 



3. Left club 1 p ) , T \ 
Right « 1 X) U) 3< 

4. Left club m p \ { j, o 
Right " m X) 

5. Left club n 1 p ) , T , Q 
Right " n 1 Xj ( ' 

6. Left club o m p I rp. „ 
Right " m X 1 ' 



56 FROXT CIRCLES q B & A, & BACK CIRCLE W. 



Practice these formulas until they become quite familiar: 
also the following, in which the clubs describe two front and 
two back parallel circles. 

Left club q X ^ 
Right " p W) ' 

In turning the circlets throw both clubs well out to the right, 
which brings them into a parallel position at convenient points 
for describing the back circles, namely, X with the left club, and 
W with the right. From the back circles return promptly to 
the front, the clubs all the while turning parallel circles both 
front and rear. 

30. 



q B W A. (T.) 1. 

This swing is introduced here because it contains some points 
of resemblance with those immediately preceding, although it 
contains four circles instead of two. The clubs move in con- 
cert throughout, only separating at the third movement, where 
the left passes behind to describe the dorsal W, while the right 
makes the corresponding turn in front, after which they rejoin 
and sweep together the final front circle. By an impulsive effort 
of the wrists, turn the circlet with both clubs, sweeping, directly 
after, the large front circle. As the clubs descend the arc on the 
right, allow them to swing past the goal to a horizontal position 
on the left. From this point, separating, the left club describes 
the dorsal W, while the right turns in front. Then joining again, 
both sweep in concert the large front circle A. which completes 
the left division of the swing. Applying the third mode of 
union, the second or right division is developed by repeating 
similar movements from the first goal on the right side, the clubs 
moving in concert throughout, separating at the third movement, 
of necessity, to allow the right club to describe the dorsal while 
the left turns in front. We have placed over this swing only the 
formula for the left club, as the right moves along with it all the 
way, turning corresponding circles. The formula for the right 
club would be p A q B. (Eng. 34.) 



SIDE TAVIST p AND SIDE CIRCLE 



57 



31. 

p A x B. (T.) l. 

This exercise is similar to the preceding only involving the 
second lower dorsal circle X, in the place of W. The formula 
indicates the action of the left club, the right moving in concert 
and turning correlative circles. TVhen the left club is required 
to turn the dorsal X, the right is occupied in whirling the circlet 
p in front. The formula for the right club would be q B P A. 
(Eng. 34.) 

32. 

P E. (F.) 1. 

From point 1 sweep the large forward side circle E witn tne 
left club, on the left side of the body, and at the same moment 
with the right club whirl the corresponding small forward side 




Fig. 44. 



58 



CLUB CURE. 



circlet p on the right side, each club alternating constantly from 
large to small and from small to large as the swing proceeds. 
Whirled from this point and on the side, p coincides with m. 
This movement being rather difficult may be omitted in the first 
course and taken in the review. (Eng. 44.) Vary this swing by 
increasing the number of circlets, thus: 

Left club p p p ) ,-px | 
Eight " p p E) # 



33. 

Y X. (F.) 2. 

From point 2 turn the back circle Y with the left club, while 
the right, descending the arc Q in front gathers impetus to turn 
handsomely the lower dorsal X. The left club then descends 
the arc and turns the lower dorsal, while the right, ascending 
the arc ~Q turns the upper dorsal Y. In the formula above given 
the arcs are not expressed, as the clubs must of necessity traverse 
them in passing from the upper to the lower circles. Considered 
as a swing composed of three movements, it might be formulated 
thus: Y arc C X. (F.) 2. 

An interesting experiment may be tried here by executing con- 
secutively two swings, the first of which contains the upper dor- 
sal circles and the second the lower. Practice in this manner the 
following formulas, and other similar combinations as they may 
occur to you: 

Y C (F) 2. alternating with Y X (F) 2. 

Y C (S) 2. " " Y X (S) 2. 
Z D (F) 2. " " Z W (F) 2. 
Z D (S) 2. " " Z W (S) 2. 



''Young man, you look as if you were in trouble ; are you 

sick?" 

If so, try the Indian club treatment, called sometimes "the 
amateur's specific;" the uniform result of which may be ex- 
pressed in three words, 

" 'Tie exercise and health and length of days." 



TWIST 1 AND ARC £>. 



59 



Mark the three-fold beneficent result, exercise, health and 
longevity. Examples are not rare in which sickly and slender 
youths have been braced up by exercising with the clubs, becom- 
ing thoroughly hardened in a few years, and tough, nearly, as a 
Norwegian sailor, 

" Iron-sinewed, horny-handed, 
Shoulders broad, and chest expanded, 
Tugging at the oar." 



SECTION 2, 

SWINGS COMPOSED OF A CIRCLE AND AN ARC, OR OF TWO ARCS. 

1. 

As in No. 29 of the previous section, several swings, on ac- 
count of their similarity, are here collected together under one 
head. The basis of each swing is the to and fro movement, in 
concert, of both clubs from the third point of departure on the 
left side to the corresponding point on the right side, from which 
they return again to the left. In these cases where the right club 
is, thrown up to the goal on the left side in order to act in concert 
with the left, while the movement of the right club is the same as 
that of the left, the literal expression of the formula is different, 
arc D to the left club being arc Q, to the right, and q to the left, 
p to the right, and so of other circles in the same plane. It 
might perhaps be deemed sufficient in such cases to give the 
formula for the left club, remarking that the right moves in con- 
cert with it; but in order to prevent any misconception of the 
movements, I have preferred to give the formula for each club. 

1st. 

Left club 1 arc D i 3 
Right " 1 arc C ) 

Throw both clubs up to goal 3 5 on the left side, holding them 
parallel at arm's length. Turn the circlet 1 with both clubs; 
then swing on the front arc to the corresponding point on the 
right side. Here repeat the circlets and return. (Eng. 22.) 



60 



TWIST n AKD 1 AKD ARC £) t 



2d. 

Left club m arc D ! (T) g 
Right " m arc Q j 

This swing is the same as the first, only substituting the back- 
ward circlet in place of the forward, allowing also the clubs to 
drop back over the shoulders. 




Fig. 22. 



3d. 

Left club n 1 arc D'm q 
Right " n 1 arc C ) 

Turn two circlets previous to sweeping the arc, first n, on the 
inside, then 1, on the outside, of the arms, both being forward 
circlets. (Eng. 22.) 



TWISTS O AND m AXD ARC D. 



61 



4th. 



Left club o m arc D 
Right " o m arc Q 




Reverse the preceding circlets, extending the arms to allow 
the clubs to turn safely towards the face. After turning the 
circlets, drop the clubs back over the shoulders. In the four 
swings now enumerated, the first division is the formula as exe- 
cuted from the point of departure on the left side, and the sec- 
ond as executed from that on the right side, the union being by 
the third method explained at the beginning of the chapter. In 
practicing swings of this kind, the clubs should be thrown well 
up to the right and left, so as to embrace in each sweep about 
three-fourths of the entire circle in front. The feet may retain 
one position, the body turning at the waist; or occasionally, for 
a change, you may turn on the feet, keeping them at right angles 
as you face from the one side to the other. 

Two variations of the first swing (1 arc £)) niay be described 
here. The first consists in turning the circlets very low down on 
the left side, sinking the clubs nearly to the floor; then as you 
face to the right, turn the hands back so as to bring the cluba 
behind the shoulders, throwing them to an extreme height; the 
movement being uniformly depressed on one side and elevated 
on the other as the swing proceeds. 

The second variation consists in starting one club from a hori- 
zontal position and the other from behind the shoulders, the 
second following the first at an interval. Face to the left, throw- 
ing the left club over the left shoulder, where it hangs pendent 
behind. Extend the right club horizontally on the left side. 
This is the position for starting; the left club being at goal 7 and 
the right at goal 6. Turn the circlet 1 with the right club, which 
is then swung across on the front arc C, ana * °y a quick back- 
ward turn of the arm is thrown over the right shoulder, the body 
meantime facing to the right. At the moment the right club 
passes in front, make a high throw with the left from behind the 
shoulder swinging it across on the front arc to a horizontal 
position on the right side, where it stops. Xow the situation is 
just the reverse of the original, the left club being extended hor- 
izontally on the right side, while the right depends from the right 



6 



62 



TWO 1 TWISTS AND ARC D. 



shoulder, the body facing to the right. Repeat the movement as 
follows: The left club turns the circlet, traverses the arc and 
comes to position over the left shoulder; while the right, follow- 
lowing at an interval with a high throw, also traverses the arc, 
and stops at a horizontal position on the left, the body now fac- 
ing to the left. When thus facing the formula is 

Left club arc D starting from 7 stopping at 6. 

Right " 1 arc C " from 6 stopping at 7. 

2. 

Left club 1 1 arc £) j (T) 3 

Right " arc C arc D arc C) 

Swing both clubs up to goal 3 on the left side, holding them 
parallel. First, turn the circlet 1 with the left club, while the 
right swings across on the arc C to a horizontal position on the 
right side at the height of the shoulders; secondly, turn the circ- 
let again with the left club while the right swings back on the 
arc to the original position ; thirdly, swing both clubs on the arc 
to the third goal on the right side, these several movements be- 
ing the left division of the swing, the return movements forming 
the right division. Throw the clubs well up as they meet to 
traverse in company the final arc. (Eng. 22.) 

This swing admits of two modifications. Make one circlet 
with the left club and a complete circle with the right, after 
which they swing together to the goal on the right. The form- 
ula becomes 



Left club 1 arc D ) g 
Right " C arc C I ' 



The other modification consists in turning circlets, one above 
and one below the left arm, and then swinging together to the 
right side where the movement is repeated. Force the right club 
under the left arm, compelling it to make as nearly as possible 
the same turn under the arm as the left makes above it. The 
formula becomes 



Left club 1 arc D ) (T) 3 
Right " n arc C I 



Try also the following exercise, which is somewhat similar: 
facing to the left, cross the arms at the breast and turn with 



BACK CIRCLE Y AND FRONT ARCS Q A ^I> D. 63 



both clubs the circlet n ; uncross quickly, turn 1 with both clubs 
swing across on the front arc and repeat. 

3. 

Y arc C arc D (F) 1. 

The movements of the formula made with the left club are 
the first division; made with the right club, the second. Prac- 
tice the divisions and unite them by the first method. The start 
is taken from the first point of departure. The analysis of the 
swing is as follows: The left club moving to the left, ascends 
the arc and turns the dorsal circle Y, while the right swings out 
to a horizontal position on the right at the height of the shoul- 
ders and back to a similar position on the left. Secondly, the 
left club, descending the arc Q swings out to a horizontal posi- 
tion on the left and back to a similar position on the right, while 
the right club swinging back from the left side, ascends the arc 
on the right and turns the dorsal. The clubs pass each other ex- 
actly in front of the person, the descending club always taking 
the outer circuit. Swing with a steady, even movement, observ- 
ing exact moderate time. On account of its easy cradle-like 
motion, this is sometimes called the sleepy swing.* It certainly 
exerts a soporific influence if long continued. 

"■ Oh sleep ! it is a gentle thing, 
Beloved from pole to pole!" 

Vary the above swing by substituting the dorsal arc Z, now 
and then for the circle Y, the club returning by the arc C m 
front. Vary also by introducing occasionally the double front 
circle B, reverting again to the original movement. These sub- 
stitutions prevent the swing from seeming monotonous and at 
the same time afford relief to the arms by change of motion. 

The above swing may be increased in volume, without marring 
its individuality by turning the dorsal three times in succession, 
at the same time increasing the number of arc sweeps corres- 
pondingly. Try the experiment. 



* The sobriquet of each leading swing is given in the table of contents at the 
end of the book. 



* 



64 BACK CIRCLE Z AND FRONT ARCS D AKD C. 



4. 

Y arc C arc D (S) 1 . 

From goal l,the left club moving to the left and the right 
club to the right, both ascend the arc and turn the dorsal Y ; 
then descend on the arc Q swinging out to a horizontal position 
on opposite sides, whence they return to an opposite horizontal 
position, the arms being crossed upon the breast. From this 
latter position the swing is repeated. The clubs intersect four 
times, first behind the shoulders, then above the head in front, 
and twice below as they pass out to the side points and return 
from them. For diversification, the simultaneous Y turns in this 
swing may occasionally be made at arm's length, at goal 3. 

5. 

Z arc D arc Q ( F ) 1- 

After practicing the divisions, unite by the first mode, the as- 
cending club always taking the outside circuit. The analysis is 
as follows: While the left club, moving to the right, ascends 
the arc, sweeping gracefully around and turning the dorsal Z, 
the right club first swings in to the left, and then out to a hori- 
zontal position on the right; and while the left, descending the 
arc D , swings in to a horizontal position, and then out to a hor- 
izontal position also, the right moving to the left ascends the arc 
and sweeping gracefully around turns the dorsal. Thus all the 
movements of No. 3 5 are exactly reversed. Vary the movement 
by throwing in occasionally the double front circle A resuming 
afterwards the regular motion. The volume of the swing may 
be increased by turning the dorsal three times, adding a corres- 
ponding number of arc sweeps. 

6. 

Z arc D arc C (S) 1. 

Starting from the first goal and moving towards each other, 
both clubs rise on the arc, sweep gracefully around to the right 
and left and turn at the same moment the upper dorsal Z: then de- 



ft 



SIDE CIRCLES E a:nd G a ^D TWISTS m AXD 1. 65 



scending the arc they pass in front to a horizontal position, 
the arms being crossed upon the breast, and back again to the 
other horizontal position, the arms being extended at length on 
opposite sides of the person. From this position the swing is 
repeated. When performed with spirit it affords vigorous exer- 
cise, stretching out the arms and expanding the chest finely. 

7. 

Arc E an d the circlet m in transit. (S) 1. 
Return. Arc G and the circlet 1 in transit. (S) 7. 

In this swing the clubs move on the side arcs, in parallel sweeps 
which cross the front arcs at right angles. From the first goal 

2 




Fig. 45- 

swing both clubs directly forwards on the side arcs E. As they 
are passing the breast, whirl the m circlets, allowing the clubs to 

6* 



66 



TWIST DRILL. 



drop back over the shoulders. On the return sweep, denoted by 
Q whirl the 1 circlets as they pass the breast, and let them con- 
tinue on. passing beyond the goals as far as the arms will permit, 
the bod\* retaining its erect position. Vary the swing by some- 
times turning two circlets on the ascent and two on the descent. 
(Eng. 45.) 

Another variation consists in starting the clubs from opposite 
points: for instance, the left club from goal I and the right from 
goal 7 5 each turning a circlet, sometimes two circlets, as it as- 
cends and descends. Observe that in this swing the circlets nei- 
ther precede nor follow the long sweep, but are introduced in 
transit. 

S. 

The following exercises in circlets, having some points of re- 
semblance are collected under one head: 




1st. 

Left club 1 n / T « 
Right 11 n 1 J 

In this exercise the clubs turn 
constantly in parallel circles, 
which is the essential point of 
the swing. Swing both clubs 
up to goal 3 on the left side. 
With the left club turn the 
circlet 1 on the outside of the 
arm, followed by n on the in- 
side, while with the right, mov- 
ing in parallel curves, you turn 
n on the inside followed by 1 
on the outside. After whirl- 
ing these parallel circlets a few 
times on the left side, swing 
across on the front arc and 
repeat them on the ris:ht. 
(Eng. ST. ) 



Fi& 37- 



TWIST DRILL. 



67 



2d. 

Left club m o ) ^ g 
Right " o m) 

From the same point on the left side, reversing the parallel 
circlets, whirl m on the outside and o on the inside of the left 
arm; also o on the inside and m on the outside of the right arm. 
Swing across and repeat on the right side. 



3d. 

Duplex r and s (T) 6. 

Swing the clubs up to a horizontal position on the left side at 
the height of the shoulders, holding them parallel at arm's length. 

Turn with both clubs the 
horizontal circlet r, empha- 
sizing the parallelism. 
Swing across on the front 
arc and repeat. Also re- 
verse the movement, turn- 
ing the outward horizontal 
circlet s with both clubs, 
traversing the arc as before. 
(Eng. 43.) 

4th. 
Left club 1 ) 

Right " m ) Continuous. 4. 

Holding both clubs verti- 
cally in front at goal 4, 
Fig. 43« twirl them in opposite direc- 
tions, dropping the left forwards and the right backwards and 
vice versa. Also start one club in advance of the other, each 
turning the forward circlet 1, the second following the first at an 
interval of half a revolution, producing a similar effect. Keep 
both clubs twirling without any suspension of motion. The 
ability to twirl these circlets swiftly comes from persistent drill- 
ing. Smoothness and uniformity of motion are more to be de- 
sired than great speed. 




68 



TWIST DRILL. 



5th. 



Return. 



1 n 



(S) 4. 




Fig. 42. 



Holding the clubs vertically in front of 
the breast at goal 4, whirl quickly the circ- 
let 1 followed by n, lodging the clubs under 
the arms. In this case n can be only partial- 
ly turned. Reverse the movement, turning 
o followed by m, dropping the clubs over 
the shoulders, the being only partially 
turned. 

The armpit position of the clubs is oc- 
casionally assumed by the swinger for a 
moment's rest. Other positions of rest 
are, clubs pendent at the sides (goal 1), 
vertical in front (goal 4), and depending 
from the shoulders, (goal 7). (Eng. 42). 



6th. 



Left club horizontal and rigid. 
Right " arcQ Y 2 arc C 



I. 



(T) 6. 



Swing both clubs up to a horizontal position on the left side, 
which is a point of departure denoted by 6. Hold the left club 
at this point stubbornly, with straight arm and stiff elbow, 
while the right club traversing the front arc turns the upper dor- 
sal Y, then makes an arm's length sweep on each side of the ex- 
tended left arm, turning finally the circlet 1. Both clubs then 
are swung across to the corresponding point on the right side, 
where the right arm and club are stubbornly held in a horizontal 
position while the left executes the foregoing movements. 
Heighten the effect by adding occasionally to the other motions 
the horizontal circlet r turned either above or below the rigid 
arm. 



TWIST DRILL. 



69 



7th. 

Left club rigid 3. 

Right " Y C or Z D 2. 

This exercise also consists in holding one club stationary at 
arm's length, while the other executes some formula which may 
be selected for the moment. For example, swing the left club 
up to goal 3, holding it rigid and motionless while the right 
club performs several times in succession the formula Y Q ; then 
extend the right club, holding it motionless at goal 3 on the right 
side, while the left executes the same formula. Practice the 
formula Z in the same way. 

9. 

The following swings being composed of arcs only are treated 
under a single head: 



2 




Fig. 38. 



BACK ARC Y AND FRONT ARC ]3 < 



1st. 

Arc Y arc D (F) 3. 

Swing the left club up to goal 3 on the left side, the right club 
taking a position about eighteen inches above it in the same ver- 
tical plane, parallel to it and pointing in the same direction, 
Bring the right club by the dorsal arc Y to goal 3 on the right 
side, while the left traversing the front arc Y) comes to a posi- 
tion about eighteen inches above it in the same vertical plane, 
parallel to it and pointing in the same direction. Repeat the 
movement from the right side, the left club returning by the 
dorsal arc and the right by the front arc. As the clubs come to 

2 




Fig. 39* 



position on either side, thrust the arms out with vigor, to give 
emphasis to the parallelism, which is the prominent feature of 
the swing. (Eng. 38.) 

Practice the same movement from goal 6, the clubs being held 
at the start in a horizontal position, instead of at an angle of 
forty-five degrees. In this case, the sweep of the arc is a half 
circle instead of a three-quarter. (Eng. 39. ) 



ARC D ARC Y. 



71 



2d. 

Arc Z arc C (F) 3. 

Swing the left club up to goal 3 on the left side, the right taking 
a parallel position as in the previous swing. Drop the right club 
in front, bringing it by the arc C t0 g° a ^ 3 on the right side. 
The left club, by the arc Z comes to position eighteen inches 
above it, parallel to it, and pointing in the same direction. In 
the return movement, the left club takes the front arc, and the 
right the dorsal. Impart emphasis to the parallelism by thrust- 
ing the arms out briskly. 

Practice this movement also from goal 6, the clubs taking a 
horizontal position and sweeping only a semi-circle. 




Fig. 40- 



3d. 

Arc D arc Y (S) 3. 

Throw the left club up to goal 3 on the left side, and the right 
to goal 3 on the right side. With both clubs sweep the front 



72 



ARC Z AXD ARC Q. 



arc, bringing them to a position above the head, crossed like the 
letter X. From this position return by the dorsal Y to the points 
of departure. (Eng. 40.) 

Practice this movement from goal 6, the clubs being held at 
the start horizontally at arm's length on opposite sides of the 
person. Sweep the front arc with both clubs, bringing them to 




Fig. 41. 



a horizontal position directly over the head, one above the other, 
parallel and pointing in opposite directions. Return by the dor- 
sal arcs Y to the points of departure. In all these movements 
the front arc is somew r hat curtailed in order to bring the clubs 
directly over the head. (Eng. 41.) 

4th. 

' Arc Z arc C % (S) 3. 

Swing the clubs up to goal 3 on opposite sides. From these 
points both clubs traverse the dorsal arcs Z, coming to a position 
above the head crossed like the letter X. Drop both clubs in 
front, returning them by the arc Q to the starting points. 



DORSAL ARCS D A:N " D C. 



73 



Practice this swing from goal 6 5 holding the clubs horizontally 
at the start, and bringing them by the dorsal arcs to a horizontal 
position over the head, returning by the front arcs Q to the 
starting points. 

5th. 

Left club arc arc Y ) ^ 
Right " arc Z arc C) 

Swing the left club up to goal 6 on the left side and the right 
to the same goal on the right side. With the left club describe 
the front arc D and at the same time with the right club, the 
dorsal arc Z, thus bringing the clubs directly over the head, in a 
horizontal position, one above the other, parallel, and pointing 
in opposite directions. Then return the left club to its orig- 
inal position by the dorsal arc Y, while the right returns by the 
front arc C. Presently, change the exercise by practicing the 
first part of the formula with the right club, and the second part 
with the left. 

6. 

The following exercises on dorsal arcs may be taken in the 
review : 

1st. 

Left club dorsal arc T~) ) /rr x 

Eight - « ■< c! ( > 6 ' 

Point both clubs to the sixth goal on the left side, holding the 
right club behind the person and parallel to the left. Swing both 
clubs to and fro behind the person. 

2d. 

Left club 1 dorsal arc T) ) rrr . a 

Right « « c r T) 6 - 

Connect the circlet 1 with the dorsal arc movement. First, 
(the clubs pointing as in the previous exercise,) turn the circlet 
with the left, swinging both to the opposite goal; then turn the 
circlet with the right club, both swinging back to the original 
position. 



74 



DORSAL ARCS D C 



3d. 



Right 



Left club m dorsal arc 




This exercise is like the preceding, except that the backward 
circlet m takes the place of the forward circlet 1. These several 
exercises may be executed simultaneously as well as alternately. 



Xote. — Nearly all the elementary circles and arcs used in this book have now 
been illustrated in the engravings. The swings described in the following chap- 
ter will be expressed by the formulas only, this being the most intelligible and 
satisfactory method of representing swings which involve more than two move- 
ments. 



CHAPTER III. 



SWINGS COMPOSED OF THREE OR MORE MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION 1. 

THOSE COMPRISING THREE OR MORE CIRCLES. 
1. 

Every one at all conversant with Indian club swinging must 
have observed the marked and peculiar tendency of the hands to 
make the same movement. The following eight examples have 
been selected with special reference to overcoming this inclina- 
tion and disciplining each hand to move independently of the 
other. 

1st. 



Left club 1 continuously 
Eight " Y G 




From the second point of departure, which is the foot of each 
club as it is held perpendicularly at arm's length above the head, 
turn the circlet 1 continuously with the left club, while the right 
executes and repeats time after time the formula composed of 
the upper dorsal circle Y, followed by the forward side circle 
Q t As the left club whirls the circlet, let the right describe the 
first circle of the formula, and as the left repeats the circlet, let 
the right sweep the second circle of the formula. After a while, 
execute the formula with the left club while the right turns the 
circlet continuously. 



76 



INDEPENDENT MOTION. 



2d. 

Lett club Y continuous ) » 
Eight « Y C J 

Considerable tact is required to perform this example smoothly, 
from the fact that, at every alternate sweep, the dorsal circle 
must be turned by both clubs. Practice will soon teach you to 
make a proper allowance for the crossing of the clubs to avoid 
contact. The detail of the swing is like the preceding. 

3d. 

Left club Y continuous ) « 
Eight "ZD ) # 

4th. 

Left club Z continuous 
Eight " Y C 

5th. 

Left club Z continuous 
Eight " ZD 

6th. 

Left club p continuous ) * 
Eight " W p ) * 

7th. 

Left club r I 5. 
Eight " p W 1. 

8th. 

Left club s J o. 
Eight " q X 1. 

The student is recommended to devise other examples for the 
purpose of training the hands to independent action, which is 
quite an important attainment in the art of club swinging. 



ACCELERATED MOTION. 



Left club 2 1 
Right " G 



2. 



This formula requires two revolutions of the left club to one- 
of the right. From goal 2 start both clubs at the same moment, 
whirling the circlet twice in succession with the left club, while 
the right describes the straight arm side circle G. After a while, 
describe the large circle with the left club and the two circlets 
with the right. Practice also the following formulas or devise 
similar ones. 



Left club 2 Y 

Right " C or D 

Left club 2 Z 

Right " D or C 

Left club 2 Y)p 

Right " G ) 



Swing both clubs up to goal 2, holding them perpendicularly 
above the head and parallel to each other. From this point both 
clubs move at the same moment, in concert throughout, with 
uniform speed and in parallel circles. Starting to the right, drop 
both over the right shoulder, the left club describing the dorsal 
Y followed by the front circle C, ana " tQ e right the dorsal Z fol- 
lowed by the front circle D t These movements constitute the 
first division of the swing. After repeating this concert move- 
ment four or five times on the right side, bring the clubs squarely 
to the front, stopping at the goals. Now execute the second 
division by dropping both clubs over the left shoulder, the right 
club describing the dorsal Y followed by the front circle C, an ^ 
the left the dorsal Z followed by D. This swing illustrates the 
union of the divisions by the third method, which consists in 
executing a formula a specified number of times on one side of 



8. 



Left club Y C 
Right " ZD 




78 BACK CIECLES Y AND Z AUDFROKT C AN1) D. 



the person, and then repeating it the same number of times on 
the other side. 

The above swing is often rendered more ornamental by intro- 
ducing the 1 circlets between the back and front circles, just at 
the moment when the clubs emerge from behind the shoulders. 
The formula then becomes 



Instead of bringing the clubs squarely to the front, the trans- 
fer of the swing from one side to the other is more frequently 
effected by quickly reversing the movement of the clubs as they 
reach the upper dorsal circles. For instance, if you are execut- 
ing the swing on the right side and wish to change to the left^ 
the moment you reach the dorsal circles, extend the right arm 
longitudinally to the left, passing the right club over the left 
shoulder and head, causing it to sweep the circle Q in front in- 
stead of D ? while the left moving in concert is made to sweep 
the front circle D instead of C. ^ somewhat peculiar swings 
is produced by changing the direction of the sweep at every rev- 
olution of the clubs in front, the formula in this case being 



By simply changing the expression of the third formula two 
other swings may be produced, composed of the same circles 
but following each other in a different order of succession thus: 



Left club Y Ch 

Right ^ D zj 

Left club Z D ) 

Right » C Y j 

4. 



Left club Y 1 C 
Right " Z 1 D 



j(T) 2. 



Left club Y D 
Right " Z C 



J(T) 2. 



Left club C Y 
Right " D z 



(T) 2. i circle interval. 



In starting this swing let the right club follow the left at an 
interval of half a circle. Swing the clubs up to goal 2. Start 



FRONT A A ^ D B WITH BACK W AND X. 7& 



the left club to the right on the front circle C and when it 
reaches the feet, start the right club in the same direction on 
the front circle D, With the left club, as it ascends the arc on 
the left, turn the dorsal Y and a moment later, with the right, 
club, turn the dorsal Z, both passing again into the front circles, 
the right following the left at the fixed interval before named. 
After several revolutions, shift the movement to the left side, 
either by bringing the clubs to the front, or by the quick trans- 
fer movement previously explained. This swing may be varied 
by making two dorsal turns to one in front. The start is often 
taken from the first goal. 



This is a concert swing, similar to No. 3, only involving the 
lower series of back and front circles instead of the upper. The 
lower series is equally as interesting and impoitant as the upper, 
and the skilful performer should be able to turn its circles with 
equal facility. From the first goal sweep the front circles sim- 
ultaneously with both clubs moving to the right, the left tracing 
A and the right B. As the clubs descend the arc on the left 
side they separate momentarily, the left passing behind the per- 
son and turning the lower dorsal W, while the right, with the 
momentum gathered in the descent, is made to turn the other 
lower dorsal X by bringing the right hand quickly under the 
armpit and behind the hip, as previously explained. After sev- 
eral repetitions, reverse the movement by starting both clubs to 
the left. When the above swing has been thoroughly learned in 
the form given, it may be embellished by adding the front circ- 
lets p and q after the back circles W and X. The formula will 
then read, 



Left club A W 
Right " B X 



(T) 1. 



Left club A W p 
Right " B X q 




80 FKOXT CIRCLE A WITH BACK W AND Z. 



Left club A W) (T) 1# ^ circle int e rva i. 
Right " B X ) 

Start the left club to the right and when it reaches a point 
directly over the head, follow with the right moving in the same 
direction. After several revolutions in this direction, reverse 
the movement by starting the clubs to the left. When thor- 
oughly acquired, add the circlets p and q as in the previous 
swing. 

7. 



Left club Y X 
Right " Z W 



(T) 1. 



This concert swing is composed of the four dorsal circles. 
From point 1 sweep both clubs up the arc on the left side^ 
turning the upper dorsal Y with the left club, and Z with the 
right, after which, as they descend on the right side turn the 
lower dorsal X with the left club, and W with the right, both 
clubs re-appearing at point 1 to repeat. After repeating several 
times, start the clubs up the arc on the right side, the right club 
turning Y and the left Z in the ascent, and the right X and the 
left W in the descent. When the swing has become familiar in 
its plain form, introduce the 1 circlets after the upper dorsals Y 
and Z, and the circlets p and q after the lower dorsals W and X. 
The formula then becomes, 

Left club Y I X q) m ! 
Right " Z 1 W p) 1 ' 



8. 

A W Z (F) 1. 

Grouping. AW, WZ, ZA. 

When the left club describes A right describes W ; when 
the left turns W the right turns Z ; when the left turns Z the 
right turns A. This coupling of circles is expressed in the 
grouping. The first division of the swing is the formula exe- 



FROOT B WITH BACK X A>s"D Y. 



81 



cuted with the left club; the second, with the right club. The 
detail of the movements is as follows : The left club moving to 
the right from the first goal sweeps the straight-arm circle A 
passing in the same sweep behind the person and turning the 
lower dorsal circle W ; then coming to the front it ascends 
directly in front of the face, and bearing well round to the left 
turns the upper dorsal Z. Meantime the right club, commencing 
with the second movement of the formula turns first the dorsal 
W, then ascending directly in front of the face and bearing well 
round to the right, turns the upper dorsal Z, then descending, 
sweeps finally the straight-arm circle A. This is a noble swing, 
inducing a free and unembarrassed manipulation, suggestive of 
a perfect mastery of the art. 

" It was not framed for village churls, 
But for high dames and mighty earls." 

9. 

A w z (S) 1. 

With both clubs describe the circle A, followed by W, in one 
continuous sweep, the clubs crossing in front of and also behind 
the person. As they ascend in front of the face, sweep them 
well around to the right and left with graceful curvature, turn- 
ing finally the upper dorsal Z, after which they descend again 
into the front circle to repeat. 

10. 

B X Y (F) 1. 

Grouping. BX, XY, YB. 

The first motion of the right club may be feinted, there being 
no accumulated force to assist in turning it. In consequence of 
the clubs passing into the circle B at a point over the head after 
turning the upper dorsal Y, and again leaving it to turn the 
lower, it becomes really an arc instead of a complete circle, after 
the first sweep of the left club. This abbreviation or clipping 
of the circles is sometimes unavoidable in meeting the exigencies 
of particular swings. It will be noticed also that at the above 



82 



FROXT q AKD C WITH BACK Y. 



point the circles B an ^ C coincide. The rule is to adhere strictly 
to the formula, using the specific name of the circle there given, 
the coalescence of the different contours giving rise to no practi- 
cal difficulty in its execution. 

This swing is often executed from the second point of depart- 
ure, in which case the lower dorsal X follows a descending sweep 
on each side, which is an advantage in starting the swing. When 
executed from this point the formula becomes 

Y C X (F) 2. 
Grouping. YQ, CX, XY. 

In this case the circle C * s clipped. If we regard the arc C 
merely as a connecting link between the upper and lower dor- 
sals, the swing may be reduced to two movements, as in No. 
33. Chap. II, Sec. 1. 

11. 

B X Y (S) 1. 

Execute the circles successively with both clubs. When started 
from goal 2 the formula is Y C X (S) 2. 
Practice also the reverse formulas to this. 

Z D W (F) 2, 
Z D W (S) 2. 

12. 

q C 2 Y (F) 1. 2. 

Grouping. qY, QY< 

In this swing the left club starts from the fourth goal and the 
right from the second. Swing both clubs up to goal 4. From 
this position raise the right perpendicularly to goal 2. Facing 
to the right, turn the circlet q with the left club. When turned 
at this position q virtually coincides with 1, inasmuch as the club 
drops forward and comes up on the outside of the arm. At the 
same moment turn the dorsal Y with the right club. As soon as 
q is turned with the left club, extend the arm at length in the 
same vertical plane, and describe the complete front circle Q 
the right club, at the same moment turning the dorsal Y a second 



PBOHT p AKD D WITH BACK Z. 



83 



time. Now face to the left and repeat, turning the circlet q in 
front with the right club while the left turns the dorsal Y, and 
the large circle Q with the right while the left repeats the dorsal. 

A dramatic air may be imparted to this swing by assuming the 
sparring attitude as you turn the circlet, bending the knees and 
setting back the body on the hips; then rise and throw the club 
to the utmost height as you sweep the large circle. In this way 
considerable exercise is obtained for the lower limbs by con- 
stantly turning from side to side, sinking and rising as you alter- 
nate from the small to the large circle. If the performer chooses 
he may execute this swing a definite number of times consecu- 
tively on each side, uniting the divisions by the third method. 

13. 

q C 2 Y (S) 4. 
In this form of the swing the body is kept square to the front. 

14. 

p D 2 Z (F) 3. 

Grouping. pZ, £)Z, 

Extend the clubs to goal 3 on opposite sides. Whirl the circ- 
let p with the left club, relaxing the grasp and holding on to the 
club with the thumb and fingers, and at the same time turn the 
dorsal Z with the right club. Then with the left sweep the great 
circle J}, repeating the dorsal with the right. Now change the 
movement by turning the dorsal twice in succession with the left 
club while the right executes the circlet, followed by the circle. 
Keep the feet in position, only swaying the body as the clubs 
change from one side to the other. 

15. 

p D 2 Z (S) 3. 

Describe each circle successively with both clubs; swing them 
well out to the right and left with graceful curvature previous to 
turning the double dorsal. 



S4 



BACK Z WITH FRCWT D A ^ D P. 



The student should now begin to exercise his inventive powers 
in devising original swings. Any circles or arcs which glide 
smoothly into each other may be wrought into swings. He will 
soon find a peculiar fascination in devising swings for his own 
practice and also take an unwonted interest in executing those 
which are the product of his own ingenuity, 

16. 

y c q (F) 2. 

Grouping. YQ, Cq> qY. 

The circlet is turned in front at the first goal, the circle Q be- 
ing clipped. In turning the circlet, seek to impart sufficient im- 
pulse to the club to send it briskly up the ascending arc. This 
impulse assists materially in turning the dorsal Y. 

17. 

y c q (S) 2. 

When you turn the circlet with both clubs, send them well out 
to the right and left, sweeping up the ascending arcs with fully 
extended arms. The quality of the swing depends largely on 
the impulsion given to the circlets. 

18. 

Z D P (F) 3. 

Grouping. ZD, DP, pZ. 

The circlet p is turned at goal 3 in front of the extended arm. 
Practice the divisions well before making the union, as the order 
in which the circles follow each other is somewhat novel. In 
sweeping the large front circle, be careful to carry the club well 
out on the side previous to turning the circlet. The more per- 
fectly the circles are made, the more exhilarating the exercise 
becomes. 

19. 

Z D P (S) 3. 

The start may be taken from the second goal if preferred. 



BACK Y WITH FRONT Q q AND B. 



85 



20. 

A W p (F) 1. 
Grouping. A w > W P> PA. 
21. 

A w P (S) l. 

In this swing as well as in the preceding the first two circles 
are made in an unbroken sweep. 

22. 

B X q (F) 1. 
Grouping. BX, Xq, qB. 

23. 

B X q (S) 1. 
24. 

y c q B (F) 2. 

Grouping. YQ, Cq» qB ; BY. 

In this swing C is clipped, while B is overswept the distance 
from q to Y. The union is by the first method, the left club 
tracing each circle in succession and the right also tracing each 
successively, beginning with the second. 

For the reason already assigned, namely, to discipline, 
strengthen and develop the left arm, which is usually neglected, 
in stating the formulas and in describing the swings, precedence 
has been conceded to the left club. The student, however, should 
accustom himself to perform the swings either hand foremost 
with equal facility. Execute the above swing, the right hand 
taking the lead. 

8 



#86 



SOCIAL EXERCISE. 



25. 

Y C q B (S) 2. 

In this connection practice the following formulas: 
Z D P A (F) 2. 

z D p A (S) 2. 

Left club n 1 HP) 3. 
Right " Y C) 2. 

p 1 W (F) 1. 6. 

p 1 W (S) 1. 

q m X (F) 1. 6. 

q m X (S) 1. 

In the last four examples p and q are turned in front from the 
first goal, and 1 and m at arm's length at the side from the sixth 
goal. 

26. 

A p w z (F) i. a. 

Grouping. AP, pW, WZ, ZA. 

The circlet p is whirled at arm's length at the side. Extend 
the arms to goal 8 on each side of the person. The left club 
first sweeps a complete straight- arm circle in front. As the club 
comes around to the goal again it whirls, as high up as possible,, 
the circlet p ; then it passes behind the hips where it turns the 
lower dorsal W ; after which, coming quickly to the front and 
ascending, it describes finally the upper dorsal Z, which com- 
pletes the first section of the swing, the same series of circles 
traced with the right club forming the second section. The 
union is by the first method, the left club describing A as tne 
right whirls p ; the left whirling p as the right turns W ; the left 
W as the right Z ; the left Z as the right A. 

This is a very graceful swing when practice has rendered the 
movements easy and familiar; and I can conceive of no exercise 
better calculated to secure perfect freedom in the use of the arms 
or a finer development, than this with the Indian clubs. It is 
alike adapted to ladies and gentlemen and undoubtedly should 



FROXT B A ^* D Q WITH BACK X AiTD Y. 



87 



form a part of the daily curriculum of schools and colleges in the 
department of physical exercise. Solomon affirms of the virtu- 
ous woman, " She girdeth her loins with strength, and strength- 
ened her arms." Furthermore, the exercise of club swinging is 
eminently social. What sight more interesting than a company 
of 3 T ouths and misses, apparelled in neat and comely uniforms, 
swinging the Indian clubs, in pairs or coteries of four, five or 
six, keeping time and following, when convenient, the accom- 
paniment of the piano or other musical instrument? Such a 
scene calls vividly to mind the poet's holiday picture; 

" How often have I blest the coining day, 
When toil remitting lent its turn to play, 
And all the village train, from labor free, 
Led up their sports beneath the spreading tree, 
While many a pastime circled in the shade, 
The young contending as the old surveyed : 
And many a gambol frolick'd o'er the ground, 
And sleights of hand and feats of strength went round." 

27. 

A p w z (S) l. 

Trace each circle with both clubs in the order of the formula . 

28. 

B q X Y (F) 1. 
Grouping. Bq, qX, XY, YB. 

29. 

B q. X Y (S) 1. 

This formula may be taken to illustrate the great variety of 
ways in which the various circles made with the clubs may be 
combined into swings. By applying the rule of permutations 
twenty -four variations can be formed from these four circles, all 
of which are capable of being reduced to practice by a skilful 
manipulator of the clubs. The formulas are as follows: 



ss 



FRONT p A AR< " B BACK W. 



B q X Y 

B q Y X 

B X q Y 

B X Y q 

B Y q X 

B Y X q 



q B X Y 

q B Y X 

q X B Y 

q X Y B 

q Y B X 

q Y X B 



X B q Y 

X B Y q 

X q B Y 

X q Y B 

X Y B q 

X Y q B 



Y 


B 


q 


X 


Y 


B 


X 


q 


Y 


q 


B 


X 


Y 


q 


X 


B 


Y 


X 


B 


q 


Y 


X 


q 


B 



30. 

A W p Z (F) 1. 

Grouping. A w > Wp, pZ, ZA. 

This formula, like the preceding, is susceptible of twenty-four 
variations, some of which, of course, are executed with greater 
facility than others. The above form is one of the best as the 
circles succeed each other in an easy and natural way, with full 
and generous sweeps. Unite the divisions also by the second 
and third methods according to the following formulas: 

A w p z (S) l. 

Left club A W p Z) fT) 

Right " B x q y] ' 

Such swings as these, which require vigorous effort should 
not be practiced immediately after a full meal. The following- 
rule, expressed in homely rhythm, and broadly stated withal, is 
easy to remember; 

M Rise early and take exercise in plenty, 
But always take it with your stomach empty." 



SECTION 2. 

SWINGS COMPRISING THREE OR MORE CIRCLES OR ARCS. 
. 1. 

p A arc B W (F) 1. 

Grouping, p arc 3, AW. 

With the left club whirl impulsively the circlet p followed by 
the large circle A. and at the same moment swing the right club 



BACK CIRCLES Y AtfD Z FROXT ARCS Q A ^ D. 



out horizontally to the right and then in behind the person, turn- 
ing the dorsal W. Next whirl the circlet impulsively with the 
right club followed by the front circle, while the left swings out 
horizontally to goal 6 and in behind the person, turning the dor- 
sal. The sleight of turning the circlet with one club while the 
other shoots out horizontally is soon acquired. 

2. 

p A arc B W (S) 1. 

With both clubs first whirl the circlet, then sweep the front 
circle allowing the clubs to cross in front as the}" come in; then 
send both out to a horizontal position at arm's length on opposite 
sides, from which points they pass in behind the person, execut- 
ing the double dorsal. 

3. 

Left club Z Z arc D arc Q arc D j (T) 3 
Right " arc C Y arc C arc Z arc C J 

Start both clubs simultaneously from goal 3, on the left side. 
The left club turns the dorsal Z twice while the right traverses 
the front arc and turns the dorsal Y once; both clubs now cross 
the front arc in company to the third goal on the right; separat- 
ing at this point the left swings back on the front arc to goal 3 
on the left, while the right club reaches the same point by the 
dorsal arc Z ; then both recross in concert to goal 3 on the right. 
The swing is quite easy, consisting mostly of swinging the clubs 
to and fro on the front arcs. We have given only the first divis- 
ion, the second being the same movements repeated from the 
third goal on the right side. 

4. 

Left club Y arc C ) frn 2. 
Right " arc D ZJ 6- 

This swing is peculiar inasmuch as each club immediately re- 
traces its own movement. Start the left club from the second 
goal and the right club from the sixth goal, on the right side, 
w T hich is the arm's length horizontal position. The left club- 

8* 



90 BACK CIRCLES Y AND Z FROST A R€ S Q AND Q. 



turns the dorsal Y and sweeps the front arc C t0 c oa ^ 6 ou tne 
left: the right sweeps the front arc and turns the dorsal Z. 
In the second division the right retraces its previous movement 
by turning the dorsal Y and sweeping the front arc C t0 tne 
sixth goal on the right, while the left also retraces by swinging 
back on the arc and turning the dorsal Z. This swing affords 
a fine stretch for the arms as the clubs swing out and stop at the 
sixth goal on either side. 

o. 

Left club Z arc O ) j , 3 
Right " arc Q Y J 

Both clubs start from goal 3 on the left side, First division : 
the left club turns the dorsal Z and sweeps the front arc as 
far as goal 3 on the right, while the right club traverses the front 
arc C an d turns the dorsal Y. Second division: the right club 
turns the dorsal Z and sweeps the front arc D to goal 3 on the 
left, while the left club traverses the front arc Q and turns the 
dorsal Y. 

6. 

Left club Z Z D Z D Z arc D I Tl 3 
Right " arc C Y C Y Y Y arc C ) 

The clubs move simultaneously from the third goal on the left 
side, the left turning the dorsal Z, the right swinging across on 
the front arc Q j the left turning the second dorsal Z, the right 
turning the first Y ; both now sweeping together the front circle 
which is D for the left club and Q for the right; the left club 
turning the third Z, the right the second Y ; the left now sweep- 
ing alone the front circle D. the right turning the third Y; 
lastly, in concert, the left turning the fourth Z, the right the 
fourth Y and swinging across on the front arc to goal 3 on the 
right side. The swing is less difficult than the formula would 
indicate, as the clubs for the most part move in concert, execut- 
ing parallel circles, while the reckoning is easily kept by count- 
ing the dorsal turns of either club, of which there are four. 



BACK W FRONT p AND ARC Q. 



91 



7. 

Y arc C W arc B (F) 2. 6. 
Grouping. YW, arc C arc B. 

The left club starting from the second goal turns Y and sweeps 
the front arc C to o 0:l ^ 6 on tae left- At tne same moment the 
right club, starting from goal 6 on the right, and, swinging be- 
hind the person, turns W and ascends arc B on the right. 
The left club, starting anew, as it were, from the sixth goal on 
the left, turns W and ascends the arc B, while the right club, 
turning Y sweeps the front arc to goal 6 on the right, its first 
point of departure. The movement is somewhat chary and elu- 
sive, and on that account more captivating. The divisions of 
this swing may be united in each of the three methods, affording 
a line illustration of the three forms of union applied to a single 
formula. The ingenious student will be able to apply the third 
form to a number of the swings described in this book where 
only the first and second methods are exhibited in the text. A 
critical review of the swings with this object in view will afford 
entertainment as well as exercise. 

Practice the second and third forms of this swing and also the 
reverse, as indicated in the following formulas: 

Y arc C W arc B (S) 2. 

Y arc C W arc B (T) 2. 
Z arc D X arc A (F) 2. 
Z arc D X arc A (S) 2. 
Z arc D X arc A (T) 2. 



8. 

Left club W p p arc C ) ^) 6 
Right " arc D P P arc C) 

Extend the clubs to goal 6, on opposite sides, pointing out- 
wards. Sweep the back circle W with the left club, followed 
by the circlet p in front; at the same time swing in the right club 
on the short arc B) a l so turning the circlet p in front. Repeat 
the circlet with both clubs, allowing them to cross in front, after 
which both swing out on the arc C to the original position. 



92 



BACK W FROXT p AND AEC Q. 



Then the right club sweeps the back circle W while the left 
takes the arc D, an ^ so on alternately. Try the folio wing- 
formulas: • 





W 


p 


p 


arc 


c 


(S) 


6. 




W 


p 


p 


arc 


c 


(T) 


6. 


Left club 


X 


q 


q 


arc 


Di 


(F) 


6. 


Right " 


arc C 


q 


q 


arc 


D, 




X 


q 


q 


arc 


D 


(S) 


6. 




X 


q 


q 


arc 


D 


(T) 


6. 



9. 

Left club m Y q 
Right " 1 arc C I ' 

Extending both clubs to goal 6 on the left side, w 7 hiii the circ- 
let m with the left club, and 1 with the right; then the dorsal Y 
with the left, while the right swings across to goal 6 on the right 
side. From this point the right club turns m and Y, while the 
left turns 1 and sweeps the arc. The union by (S) and (T) may 
be applied to this formula and also to the reverse. 

Left club 1 arc D ) (P) a 
Right " m Z ) l ' 



Without extending further the list of detached swings, the 
following chapter will be occupied in presenting in new and in 
teresting relations some of those already described. 

" To please the fancy is no trifling good, 
Where health is studied; for whatever moves 
The mind with calm delight promotes the just 
And natural movements of the harmonious frame." 



CHAPTER IV. 



BIFOLD, COMPOUND AND CONTINUOUS SWINGS. 

SECTION 1. 

BIFOLD SWINGS. 

Many of the formulas enunciated in the preceding chapters 
may be rendered at once more interesting and more useful by 
bifolding or repeating each circle in each division as the swing 
proceeds. The increased volume of the duplicated swing affords 
a greater amount of exercise and an agreeable diversity of move- 
ment, while at the same time, the distinctive character of each 
swing is fully retained. The following formulas will serve to 
illustrate the beauty and practicability of the bifold principle 
which the student is earnestly recommended to apply to the ut- 
most extent of his ingenuity. 

1. 

2 1 2 G (F) 2, Page 35. 

From the second goal, whirl the circlet twice with the left 
club, while with the right; for each turn of the circlet, you sweep 
the forward side circle. Then whirl two circlets with the right 
club and two side circles with the left. Swing deliberately, 
counting the movements, and swaying the body to the right and 
left as the straight-arm circle changes from side to side. The 
primitive of each bifold swing will be found on the page given 
in the formula. 

2. 



2 1 2 Y (F) 2. Page 49. 



94 



B [FOLD SWINGS. 



3. 

2 1 2 Y (S) 2. Page 50. 
4. 

2 Y 2 G (F) 2. Page 44. 
5. 

2 q 2 C ± Y (F) 4. 2.. Page 82. 
Grouping. 2 q 2 Y, 2 C 2 Y. 

Facing to the right turn the circlet twice at the fourth goal in 
front of the breast with the left club, and the dorsal twice with 
the right, then the front circle C twice with the left, and two 
additional dorsals with the right. Repeat, facing to the left. 

6. 

2 q 2 ± Y (S) 4. Page 83. 
7. 

2 Y 2 C 2 q (F) 2. Page 84. 
Grouping. 2 Y 2 C, 2 C 2 q, 2 q 2 Y, 

8. 

2 Y 2 C 2 q (S) 2. Page 84. 
9. 

2 A 2 W (F) 1. Page 47. 
10. 

2 A 2 W (S) .1. Page 47. 
11. 

2 Y 2 C 2 q 2 B (F) 2. Page 85. 
Grouping. 2Y 2 C, 2Q 2q, 2q 2 B, 2B 2Y, 



COMPOUND SAVINGS. 



95 



12. 

2 Y 2 C 2 q 2 B (S) 2. Page 86. 
13. . 

2 Y 2 C 2 X (F) 2. Page 82. 
Grouping. 2 Y 2 C, 2 C 2 X, 2 X 2 Y. 

14. 

2 Y 2 C 2 X (S) 2. Page 82. 

The difficulty of repeating the lower dorsal circles may be 
obviated by substituting p for W and q for X in the second rev- 
olution of the clubs. 

35. 

2 p 2D 4 Z (F) 3. Page 83. 
Grouping. 2 p 2 Z, 2D 2 Z. 

16. 

2 p 2 D 4 Z (S) 3. Page 83. 

In the last two formulas, the circlet is turned at goal 3 at 
arm's length at the side. I think every unprejudiced person 
must admit that no exercise can be devised better adapted to in- 
crease the lung capacity than these bifold swings, notwithstand- 
ing the covetous banker's humorous commendation of dumb 
bells, who, on being teased for money by his daughter, whose 
name was Belle, replied, 

" Dear Belle, to gain money, sure, silence is best, 
For dumb Bells are fittest to open the chest." 



SECTION 2. 

COMPOUND SWINGS. 

Two swings whose movements flow smoothly together may 
often be united and repeated as one. Frequently a formula and 
its reverse may be thus joined forming an attractive compound, 
as in the following examples: 



96 



COMPOUND SWINGS. 



1. 

(Y arc C arc D) (Z arc D arc Q (F) 1. 

The component formulas will be found on pages 63 and 64. 
Execute thein successively, passing promptly from the first to 
the second, repeating the two precisely as one swing. They 
will soon run smoothly together, forming a new and agreeable 
combination. 

2. (Y arc C arc D) (Z arc D arc Q (S) 1. 

3. (q C 2 Y ) (P D - Z) (F) 4. 2. Page 82-3. 
1. (q C - Y ) (P D - Z) (S) 4. 

5. (Y C q) (Z D P) (F) 2. Page 84. 

6. (Y C q) (Z D P) (S) 2. 

7. (Y C q B) (Z D P A) (F) 2. Page 85-6. 

8. (Y c q B) (z D p A) (S) 2. 

Sometimes compounds are formed by uniting a swing which 
contains the upper series of motions to another which contains 
the lower series, as in the following examples, in each of which 
you first execute on both sides the first formula, containing the 
upper series, and then pass to the second containing the lower 
series, repeating the two continuously as one swing. 

1. (Y arc C arc D) (W p p arc Q (F) 2. 

2. (Y arc C arc D) (W p p arc Q (S) 2. 

3. (Z arc D arc Q (X q q arc D) (F) 2. 

4. (Z arc D arc C) (X q q arc D) (S) 2. 

Compound swings may be bifolded with most pleasing effect 
as in the following examples: 

1. (2 Y 2 C) (2 Z 2D) (F) 2. Page 40-2. 

2. (2 Y 2 C) (2 Z 2 D) (S) 2. 

3. (Y arc Y D arc D) (Z arc Z C arc Q ( F ) 2. Page 70-1. 

4. (2 q 2 C 4 Y) (2 p 2D ± Z) (F) 4. 2. Page 82-3. 

5. (2q 2 C ± Y) (2p 2D ± Z) (S) 4. 

6. (2 Y 2 C 2 q) (2 Z 2D 2 p) (F) 2. Page 84. 

7. (2 Y 2 C 2 q) (2Z 2D 2 p) (S) 2. 

8. (2 Y 2 C 2 q 2 B) (2 Z 2 D 2 p 2 A) (F) 2. Page 85-6. 
0. (2 Y 2 C 2 q 2 B) (2 Z 2 D 2 p 2 A) (S) 2. 



CONTINUOUS SWINGS. 



9r 



In the third example complete circles are turned on the first 
circuit, the parallelism taking effect only on the second. In this 
way many other arc swings may be bifolded. 



SECTION 3. 



CONTINUOUS SWINGS. 



" Strength of heart 
And might of limb, but mainly use and skill, 
Are winners in this pastime of our king." 

Swings in which the transition from one to another is easy 
and natural may be arranged into lists and executed continuous- 
ly, presenting an ever varying outline of graceful motions. The 
student is recommended to construct lists for his own practice, 
as an opportunity is thus afforded him to weave in his favorite 
swings, which method, he will find, greatly enhances his inter- 
est in the exercise. The following lists are presented more to 
illustrate the principle of continuity and to invite effort, than to 
indicate any preference of classification. In continuous swing- 
ing each formula of a list may be executed once, or more than 
once, at the option of the performer. In learning a list, practice 
the first formula, then the first and second, then the first, second 
and third, then add the fourth, and so on until the entire list is 
thoroughly memorized, and the order of arrangement becomes 
so familiar as to seem perfectly natural and spontaneous. 



FIRST LIST. 



1. Left club Y C)(T) 2. 
Right " ZD) 

2. Left club C Y)(T) 2. 
Right " D Z) 

3. Left club 2 1 arc D 
Right " arc C arc 

4. Y arc C 

5. Z arc D 

9 



Page 77. 

i circle interval. Page 78. 

)(T) 3. Page 62. 
arc C) 

arc D (F) 1. Page 63. 

arc C (F) 1. Page 64. 



98 



CONTIGUOUS SWINGS. 



6. Left club 2 Z arc D arc C arc D ) (T) 3. Page 89. 
Right " arc C Y arc Q arc £) arc C) 

7. Left club Y arc C > 2- Page 89. 
Right " arcD ZJ 6. 

8. Left club Z arcD) (T) 3 . Pa ge 90. 
Right 11 arc C Y J 5 

9. Left club o m arc D ) (X) 3 Page 61 
Right " o m arc C ) 

10. Left club 2 Z D Z D ^ arc D) m q Pao . e qo 
Right " arc C Y C 3 Y arc C ) ' 

SECOND LIST. 

1. Y C (F) 2. Page 40. 

2. Z D (F) 2. Page 42. 

3. Arc Y arc D (F) 3. Page 70, 

4. Arc Z arc C (F) 3. Page 71. 
0. Y 1 (F) 2. Page 49. 

6. Y G (F) 2. Page 44. 

7. 1 G (F) 2. Page 35. 

8. Left club 3 1 
Right " 2 1 Qj 

9. Arc E m in transit (S) 1. 
Arc G 1 " (S) 7. -J Page 65. 

10. 1 arc D (T) 6. concert, low and high. Page 61- 



,j(F) 2. Page 36. 
r) 



THIRD LIST. 



1. 


Parallel circlets 1 n^m 


°iPage 66- 








n l)o 


mj 


2. 


P 


A 


(F) 1. Page 36. 




3. 


q 


B 


(F) 1 . Page 38. 




4. 


q 


C 


2 Y (F) 4. 2. 


Page 82. 


0. 


p 


D 


2 Z (F) 3. 


" 83. 


6. 


Y 


C 


q (F) 2. 


" 84. 


7. 


Z 


D 


P (F) 3. 


" 84. 


8. 


Y 


C 


q B (F) 2. 


" 85. 


9. 


Z 


D 


P A (F) 2. 


" 86. 


10. 


p 


D 


(F) 3. 


" 38. 



i-7. 



C025TISTOUS SWINGS. 



99 



FOURTH LIST. 



1. 


A 


w 


Z (F) 


1. 


Paffe 80 


2. 


JLJ 


X 


Y (F) 


1. 


" 81. 


3. 


A 


w 


Z (S) 


1. 


" 81. 


4. 


B 


X 


Y (S) 


1. 


" 82. 


o. 


q 


C 


2 Y(S) 


4. 


" 83. 


6. 


p 


D 


2 Z (S) 


3. 


" 83, 


7. 


Y 


C 


q (S) 


— • 


" 84. 


8. 


z 


D 


P (S) 


3. 


" 84. 


9. 


A 


p 


w z 


(F) 


1. 3. P 


10. 


A 


p 


w z 


(S) 


1. 



87. 



FIFTH LIST. 

1. p X (F) 1. Page 55. 

2. q X (F) 1. " 55. 

3. p W (F) 1. " 52. 

4. q W (F) 1. " 53. 

5. Left club q X) (T) 1# Concert< Page 56. 
Right " p WJ W 

W J(T) 3. Concert. Page 55. 



Right " n 1 X 

7. Left club o m W 
Right " o m X 

8. W Z (F) 1. Page 50. 

9. W Z (S) 1. " 51. 
10. Y X (F) 2. " 58. 



(T) 3. Concert. Page 55. 



SIXTH LIST. 



(T) 
(T) 



1. q B W A (T) 1 

2. Left club A W) 
Right " B X J(T) 

3. Left club A W 
Right " B X 

4. Left club Y X 
Right " Z 

5. A W (F) 1. Page 47, 
«. A W (S) 1. " 47, 



Concert. Page 56. 

. Concert. Page 79. 

. i circle interval. Page 80. 



1 . Concert. Page 80. 



100 coxiixrors swihtgs. 



n 

4 • 




1* ) 


l t Page 4 ) . 




s. 


B x 


(3) 


1. ' 7 48. 




9. 


B w 


(F.) 


1. " 48. 




10. 


B w 


(S) 


I. " 49. 














1. 


o y o 


c 


(F) 2. Pa^ 


re 40. 


2 t 


2 Y 2 


c 


2 X (F) 2. 


82. 


3. 


2 Y 2 


c 


2 q (F) 2. 


84. 


4. 


2 Y 2 


c 


2 q 2 B (F) 2. " 


85. 


o. 


2 Z 2 


D 


(F) 2. 


42. 


6, 


2 Z 2 


D 


2 W (F) 2. 


82. 


7 . 


2 Z 2 


D 


2 p (F) 3. 


84. 


S. 


2.*Z 2 D 


2 p 2 A (F) 2. » 


86. 


9. 


2 A 2 


w 


(S) 1. 


47. 


10. 


2 A 2 


w 


2 Z (S) 1. 


81. 



EIGHTH LIST. 



1. 


R 


I 


(F) 


0. 


Page 44. 






R 


I 


(S) 


5 . 


" 45. 




3. 


S 


J 


(F) 


5. 


" 46. 




4. 


S 


J 


(S) 


5, 


V 46. 




5. 


Y 


arc 


C 


arc 


D (S) 1. 


Page 64. 


6. 


Z 


arc 


D 


arc 


C (S) l. 


11 64. 


7. 


P 


1 


w 


(F) 


1. 6. 


11 86. 


8. 


P 


1 


w 


(S) 


1. 


" 86. 


9. 


q 


m 


X 


(F) 


1. 6. 


" 86. 


10. 


p 


E 




(F) 


1. 


" 57. 
• 



NINTH LIST. 



BIFOLD ARC SWINGS. 

1. Left club o m o m D arc D j ^ 3, Page 61. 
Right " o m o m Q arc Q j 

2. Left club n 1 n 1 arc D j(D 3. 
Right " arc C ar c D arc Q arc D arc C I Pa g e 60. 



CONTINUOUS SWINGS. 



101 



(F) 
(F) 



3. Left club Y Y Y arc C 
Right " arc J) arc C arc D arc C 

4. Left club Z Z Z arc D 
Right " arc C arc D arc C arc D 

b. Y arc Y D a ™ D (F) 3. Page 

6. D arc D Y arc Y (S) 3. 

7. Left club Y Y C arc C 
Right " DarcD Z Z 

8. Left club Z Z D arc D 
Right " C arc C Y Y 

9. Y Y C arc C W W B arc B (F) 2. 
10. Z Z D arc D X X A a™ A (F) 2. 



2. 
6. 

2. 
6. 

0. 



71. 



(T) 

(T) 3. 



Page ! 



Page 63. 



64. 



90. 

Page 91. 
" 91. 











TENTH 


LIST. 


1. 


A 


w 


(F) 


1. 


Page 47. 


2. 


A 


w 


p 


(F) 1. 


" 85. 


3. 


A 


w 


z 


(F) 1. 


" 80. 


4. 


A 


w 


p 


Z (F) 1. 


" 88. 


5. 


A 


w 


(S) 


1. 


" 47. 


6. 


A 


w 


p 


(S) 1. 


11 85. 


7. 


A 


w 


z 


(S) 1. 


" 81. 


8. 


A 


w 


p 


Z (S) 1. 


" 88. 


9. 


B 


X 


Y 


(F) 1. 


" 81. 


10. 


B 


X 


Y 


(S) 1. 


" 82. 



ELEVENTH LIST. 



1. 


n 1 Y C (F) 3. 2. 




2. 


Y DJ(T) 2. Concert. 

z C) 




3. 


p A a ™ B W (F) 


1. 


4. 


W p p arc C (F) 


6. 


5. 


m Y 1 arc C ( F ) 


6. 


6. 


1 arc D m Z (F) 


6. 


7. 


Left clubY C Y Y ) 


(T) 




Right i{ Z Z D Z) 


8/ 


Z D W (F) 2. 




9. 


Z D W (S) 2. 




10. 


Left club arc B) arc Y 


(F) 




Right " arc Z arc Q 




9* 





Page 86. 

" 78. 

" 88. 

" 91. 

" 92. 

" 92. 

" 77. 

" 82. 

14 82. 

4< 73. 



102 CONTIGUOUS SWINGS. 

I®* "Few are aware, until too late, of the importance of a 
healtlry and vigorous bodily constitution. Such a constitution 
can only be secured by EXERCISE, temperance, and care in 
Youth/' .JgJ 

Wayland. 

The revered late President of Brown University, whose wise 
and weighty words are here quoted, was himself an earnest ad- 
vocate and constant exemplar of systematic physical culture. 
-His sound judgment may be presumed to have been in full accord 
^vith that of many other eminent savans in awarding preeminence 
to the noble Fine Art illustrated in these pages. The Amateur 
closes his book, with a cordial invitation to every young man to 
give its contents a practical examination, being fully confident 
that every one who submits it to that test will frankly admit, 
that among the various modes of physical recreation now in 
vogue, no other one is so cheap, so convenient, so easily acquired, 
so free from liability to strain or accident, and at the same time 
so prompt and salutary in its effects on the muscular, ^respira- 
tory and mental organization of its devotees as the interesting 
and manly exercise of 

INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. 



APPENDIX. 



The following extracts contain the deliberate and recorded 
opinions of professional instructors and athletes, who, both from 
their thorough knowledge and long practice of the art of Indian 
club swinging are well qualified to speak of its merits and 
results : 

1. 

14 This is a very graceful and beneficial exercise. It is easily- 
acquired, and can be practiced at the office or dwelling of every 
person, There is nothing in the whole round of gymnastic per- 
formances that will be found of more essential service than this 
exercise with the clubs." 

Wm. Wood. 

2. 

" For simplicity and convenience, they are unsurpassed by any 
other kind of apparatus, and half the fixtures of an ordinary 
gymnasium will not produce such a general development of the 
muscles, as a pair of clubs." 

S. D Kehoe. 

3. 

" As a means of imparting strength to the muscles of the arms, 
wrists and hands, in fact to the whole muscular system, I do not 
know of their equal." 

J. C. Heenan. 



104 



APPENDIX. 



4. 

" If their use is persevered in they will render the person who 
practices with them fully able to use his left arm almost as well 
as his right in hurling, flinging stones, lifting weights and simi- 
lar operations." 

F. Toucey. 

5. 

"In the entire round of gymnastic exercises, no such efficient 
instruments as these have been discovered for bringing into ac- 
tion the muscles and tendons of the arms and trunk, which are 
generally less used than those of the legs." 

Prof. Harrison. 

6. 

" For indoor exercise there is nothing that can compete with 
them, the exercise far excelling the tedious motions required in 
using dumb-bells, pulley weights, &c, they being the same thing 
over and over again; while with clubs, new motions, changes 
and combinations are continually entering the mind, making it 
a source of pleasure, as well as benefiting the system." 

S. T. Wheelwright. 

7. 

u All work done above the head, such as swinging clubs, or an 
axe or sledge, does excellent service in bringing to the abdominal 
muscles the length and elasticity they ought to have, and so con- 
tributing materially to the erect carriage of the body." 

Wm. Blaikie. 

8. 

"Although but two-thirds of the body, viz., from the loins 
upward, are called into operation in this exercise, its importance 
must be estimated hy the fact that they are precisely those requir- 
ing constant artificial practice, being naturally most exempted 
from exertion." 

Edward James. 



APPENDIX. 



105 



9. 

" As a means of physical culture, the Indian Clubs stand pre- 
eminent among the varied apparatus of gymnastics now in use. 
The evolutions which the clubs are made to perform, in the 
hands of one accustomed to their use, are exceedingly graceful. 
Besides the great recommendation of simplicity, the Indian Club 
practice possesses the essential property of expanding the chest 
and exercising every muscle in the body concurrently. Note in 
the crowded thoroughfare of Broadway now and then an occa- 
sional passer-by, with well-knit and shapely form, firm and elas- 
tic step, broad-chested and full blooded, and you may mark him 
down as an expert with the clubs. " 

Gus Hill. 

10. 

" It demands but little muscular exertion, and such as it does 
require calls chiefly upon that portion of the system which it 
finds in a state of comparative repose." 

Prof. Walker. 

11. 

"For keeping the body in a healthy and vigorous condition 
there has yet been nothing invented, which for its simplicity and 
gracefulness can be favorably compared with the Indian Club 
exercise. Where the general building up of the muscles and 
sinews of the entire body is requisite, the medical profession 
unite with me in recommending club exercise, as they bring all 
parts of the body into play proportionately. My experience of 
many years, which has brought me in contact with the most 
prominent gymnasts and athletes of the country, warrants me 
to distinctly state, that there is no exercise so desirable or so at- 
tractive to the debilitated, or so positive in its results as the 
handling of Indian Clubs. Particularly is this the case for those 
who are wanting in vitality, and whose constitutions are im- 
paired by the sluggish circulation of the blood. I may consci- 
entiously say, a few moments' exercise with a light pair of clubs 
will accomplish more than all the medicines and tonics in the 
world." 

M. BORNSTEIN. 



CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 

PAGE. 

General instructions in relation to the Indian club exercise . 5-10 

CHAPTER I. 

SINGLE MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION 1. 

Description of the large Front, Side and Horizontal cir- 
cles: Elliptical curves 11-21 

SECTION 2. 

Description of the Dorsal circles 21-25 

SECTION 3. 

Description of the Wrist circles 25-2& 

SECTION 4. 

Description of the Partial circles or Arcs 29-33 



CHAPTER II. 

DUAL MOVEMENTS. 

Structural divisions of swings. Three modes of union . 



ICS 



CONTEXTS, 



SECTION 1. 

SWINGS CONTAINING TWO CIRCLES. 

PAGE 

1. The Lateral (F). One variation 35 

2. 14 Front (F) 36 

3. " " (S) ...... 3^ 

4. " Reverse Front (F) 38 

5. " " '" (S) 38 

6. " Gossamer (F) 38 

7. " " (S) 40 

8. " Crest (F) 40 

9. " " (S) 41 

10. " Reverse Crest (F) 42 

11. " " " (S) 42 

12. 14 Ogre(F) 44 

13. " Horizontal (F) a 44 

14. " " (S) 45 

15. 16 Reverse Horizontal (F) 46 

16. " " M (S) 46 

17. " Guide (F) 47 

18. " " (S) 47 

19. " Reverse Guide (F) 47 

20. " " " (S) ... 48 

21. " Trail (F) 48 

22. " " (S)...... 49 

23. " Reverse Trail (F) 49 

24. " " " (S) ... 49 

25. " Antler (F) 49 

26. " " (S) 50 

" *Cazique(F) 50 

28. " " (S) 51 

29. " Wrist and bent arm series 52-56 

30. 14 Enigma 56 

31. " Reverse Enigma 57 

32. " Reverse Lateral (F). One variation 57 

33. " " Cazique(F). Four alternating formulas, 58 

* M Chief of chiefs, his regal word 
All the river Sachems heard. 
At his call the war-dance stirred, 
Or was still once more." 



9 



CONTENTS, 



109 



SECTION 3. 

SWINGS CONTAINING A CIRCLE AND AX ARC, OR TWO ARCS. 

PAGE. 

1. The Facial. Five variations 59-62 

2. 4i School. Two " 62 

3. " Sleepy (F). Three variations 63 

4. " " (S) 64 

5. " Reverse Sleepy (F). Two variations 64 

6. " " " (S) 64 

7. Transit. Two variations , 65 

8. ' l Twists and rigid-arm exercises 66-69 

9. " Extension. (Five forms). Dorsal arcs Y) and Q 69-74 



CHAPTER III. 

TRIPLE AND QUADRUPLE MOVEMENTS. 
SECTION 1. 
SWINGS CONTAINING THREE OR MORE CIRCLES. 

PAGE. 

1. Independent motions. Eight examples 75-6 

2. Accelerated " Four " 77 

3. The Parallel. The Transfer and two variations 77-8 

4. " Windmill 78 

5. 4< Inverted Parallel 79 

6. " " Windmill 80 

7. " Cincture 80 

8. " Sachem (F) 80 

9. " " (S) 81 

10. M Reverse Sachem (F) 81 

11. " " " (S) 82 

12. " Falcon (F) 82 

13. " " (S) 83 

14. " Reverse Falcon (F) 83 

15. " " " (S)... 83 

16. " Triplet (F) 84 

17. " " (S) : 84 

10 



110 



CONTEXTS. 



PAGE. 

18. The Reverse Triplet (F) S4 

19. u " " (S) 84 

20. " Scout (F) 85 

21. " l< (S) 85 

22. " Reverse Scout (F) 85 

23. " " (S) 85 

24. " Chariot (F) 85 

25. " " (S). (Seven others) 80 

26. " Pinnacle (F) 86 

27. " " (S) 87 

28. M Reverse Pinnacle (F) 87 

29. " M " (S). Permutations 88 

30. " Talisman 88 

SECTION 2. 

SWINGS CONTAINING THREE OR MORE MOVEMENTS, EITHER 
ARCS OR CIRCLES, 

PAGE . 

1. The Hermit (F). 88 

2. " " (S) 89 

3. " Highland 89 

4. 11 Crescent 89 

5. " Reverse Crescent 90 

6. " Crown 90 

7. " Wizard. (Six forms) 91 

8. " Fawn 91 

9. " Pearl and Reverse 92 



CHAPTER IV. 

Examples in Bifold, Compound and Continuous Swings. .93-102 



APPENDIX. 

Professional commendations of the Indian club exercise. .103-105 
TABULAR REVIEW 107-110 



And all tfie Tillage train, from labor fret 
Led vp their sports beneath the spreading 



Orders for this work may be sent to J. C. Thompson, 
269 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. Single copies 
sent by mail post paid to any part of the United States 
on the receipt of one dollar. Orders for School and 
College Gymnasia use, promptly filled. The Amateur 
Indian Club, manufactured expressly to accompany this 
book, may be ordered of Mr. Thompson, at the following 
prices : 

Weight of 2 lbs., Si. 25 per pair. ; x £ 

" 2i " 1.50 " ib .'. ?^ 



1.75 



